Technology and Science Free Essays

Does science and innovation consistently positively affect society? Innovation and society alludes to recurrent codependence, co-impact, co-creation of innovation and society upon the other. This synergistic relationship happened from the beginning of mankind, with the innovation of basic devices and proceeds into present day advances, for example, the print machine and PCs. The scholastic order considering the effects of science, innovation, and society and the other way around is called (and can be found at) Science and innovation contemplates. We will compose a custom exposition test on Innovation and Science or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Science is â€Å"knowledge accomplished through examination or practice,† or â€Å"knowledge covering general facts of the activity of general laws, esp. as got and tried through logical strategy and worried about the physical world.† Science is a part of information or study managing the assemblage of realities or certainties methodicallly organized and indicating the activity of general laws. Innovation, when thought of is the thing that man has made (â€Å"tech† implies make). Innovation can administer what is said about workmanship or applied sciences. Innovation influences our general public since innovation is surrounding us. It is the thing that permits us to progress forward through our times. Crude innovation could be viewed as sledges made by Neanderthals. Science is totally different from innovation. Science isn't what we can make, yet is increasingly centered around our reality and how it capacities. Figuring out how a fledgling flies is science, yet impersonating a feathered creature through aeronautics would be innovation. Science is tied in with get-together information through an orderly point of view and making hypotheses and laws to demonstrate what we have realized. Science IS our reality and that is the means by which it influences the world. Science influences society from multiple points of view it can profit or make the general public to demolish as in when the atomic or nuclear bomb were designed they were not was not intended to hurt the general public yet during the world war 2 urban communities known as Hiroshima and Nagasaki were completely crushed so science ought to be went with mankind in such a case that science without humankind is futile the greatest model is a worldwide temperature alteration, the cars were intended to make going simple not to hurt nature so science influences the general public however it relies upon us that in the event that we take it in a positive manner or in an approach to annihilation of the general public Science has brought about significant advances in medication, which has brought about expanded future, lower birth death rates, and medicines for diseases that were beforehand terminal bringing about expanded populace size. Rivalry for a spot as aâ functional citizen is expanded, just as the opposition with different social orders to build the cash-flow to help a huge society and fuel a dynamic economy. Additionally, science gives us a feeling that there is â€Å"proof†, or authentic proof for the in any case unexplained. Science and innovation has made numerous new machines for instance assault rifle, tanks , smoke gas and a lot more which helped countries to battle and win the war without having to misfortune numerous patches because of planes travel quicker and convey overwhelming bomb loads. Innovation made transportation simpler and quicker for better transportation for merchandise and ventures. Science has additionally made life simpler structure lifts and creating of inward steel skeletons to tolerate weight of structures and a lot all the more structure to make life simpler for the individuals to live. Science had taken conventional and present day thoughts. The principal human to step on the moon. Another better debate features the developing break among conventional and present day thoughts. Science and innovation has done a great deal for the general public which is gainful yet on occasion it influences the general public in a negative manner. Science and innovation has an incredible warmth on the general public on the grounds that today’s society runs on science and innovation. Science and innovation are on our figure tips in light of the fact that known existence of youngsters runs on science and innovation portable PC and other new creation has purchased the world to a more noteworthy norm. From my perspective science and innovation positively affects our general public. Due to today’s age can’t lie a solitary day without telephones and web which unmistakably show how significant innovation is for our general public. Step by step instructions to refer to Technology and Science, Essays

Paul’s Case

In Willa Cather’s story â€Å"Paul’s Case,† the primary character Paul is a disturbed youngster, who is looking for a departure from the real world. Paul’s method of getting away from his grieved life is during a time dream. Generally Paul’s safe spot is in New York City. That is until Paul’s father comes searching for him. This is when Paul’s reality at that point takes structure in his fictional universe. In the event that Paul utilizes a fanciful getaway world to escape from his pained life, at that point for what reason does it incorporate him ending it all? I have one motivation to clarify his self destruction. Previously, Paul as far as anyone knows enters his fictional universe, the story leaves off with Paul sitting in the basement of his home. As of right now, Paul begins to think about whether his dad heard him entering. In the murkiness of the basement, Paul fears that his dad may think Paul is a thief, and shot him. (pg. 127) The however of death and Paul’s silly running from a grieved life impact. In result making Paul’s self destruction, when his dad comes searching for him. I trust Paul’s self destruction fills in as a revelation. Paul’s revelation identifies with his battling life, and how he has more to live for than just music. Because of Paul’s revelation, he starts to blur once again into the real world. As the crowd, you are persuade that Paul was dreaming the entire time. The last sentence in the story â€Å"Paul dropped once more into the huge plan of things,† affirms the audience’s convictions. (pg.133) Therefore I think that its difficult to accept that Paul at any point really ventured out to New York. Due confer that Paul was a white collar class kid from Pittsburg. Paul completely loathed his lower and white collar class childhood. His disdain of his childhood persuades that New York is the place the high society lived. I think that its difficult to accept that he really went to New York, on the grounds that a large portion of New York is ghettos. I discover it scarcely conceivable or even conceivable that Paul really lived the greater part of the story, but instead that he envisioned everything. The main issue that rings a bell when accepting the story is the way that Paul had the option to pull off smoking cigarettes and drinking wine openly. Paul was nevertheless a young person with enormous wholes of money. How could it be that Paul had the option to live such a lavish life for whatever length of time that he did, without being interrogated regarding anything? The story â€Å"Paul’s Case,† was about Paul looking for opportunity from his own life. Despite the fact that Paul had the option to discover some true serenity, by one way or another his own issues tail him into is fantasy land. All through Paul’s dream he experiences circumstances fundamentally the same as the ones he’s running from in all actuality. Regardless Paul can not get away from his existence.

Decision Update Please Read Carefully COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Decision Update Please Read Carefully COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As the title of this entry indicates, I hope you will read this message carefully as I explain where we are in the application review process.   My goal is to answer questions you might have, assuage any fears, and give you the detailed information you need regarding the release of decisions. First, as I have stated before on the blog, we do not publish all of our admission decisions on a single day.   The structure of our Committee and the coordination involved causes us to spend more time on some applications than others.   How long it takes to review a file is largely dependent upon scheduling and coordination among the Committee members and it should not be a cause of concern if you have to wait longer than some other individuals to receive a decision. I know this is easy for me to say since I am not the one waiting to receive a decision, however because of the coordination required, neither I nor my staff can tell you the exact date when you will receive your decision.   Our goal is to release decisions as soon as possible, but if you email or call with this question, our answer will be that we are working as quickly as we are able and you will be notified by email once a decision has been posted. I am happy to share that the Committee has finalized decisions for approximately 40% of those in the applicant pool.   A group of those decisions was posted late Thursday and another group will be posted today (March 5th).    When a decision has been posted an email will be sent to the address you listed when filling out the application. The process of releasing decisions can be described as “rolling” in the sense that as decisions are finalized and approved by the Committee, we will post them and send out email notifications.   As hard as it is to wait, we kindly ask for your patience as we work as quickly as we are able. If your admission decision is favorable, I ask that you pay special attention to the Welcome Page that is referenced in the admission letter.   Admitted applicants are likely to have many, many questions and the purpose of the Welcome Page is to provide answers. The Welcome Page contains information on a variety of topics including, but not limited to:  housing, Admitted Student Day, Orientation, visa processing for international students, and our summer math tutorial. Thank you for your attention and we look forward to rolling decisions out as they are finalized.

The Story Of Yoongi - 789 Words

Yoongi groaned as a popup box, which had popped up at least twice in the last hour, once again politely asked if Yoongi was ready to upload his files. He sighed and closed his eyes, allowing himself to sink further into his desk chair, muttering something along the lines of just fucking do it already. Sure, his files were ready, they’d been ready for a few weeks now (aside from minor tweaks), but was he ready? Was Yoongi, or anyone for that matter, ever really ready to upload pieces of their life’s story to the internet, where upon which it could be viewed (or in this case, heard) and critiqued by potentially billions? Yes, this had been in the making for a while (four years to be exact, Yoongi was counting). But was he sure, was he†¦show more content†¦Besides, the fans were waiting. The fans- A.R.M.Y. -, how would they receive it? Would they shower him with praises? Sympathize with him? Slander him? (Probably not, but when in the embrace of overwhelming anxie ty, one considers all outcomes, regardless of probability.) After all, he talks about some pretty serious stuff. Stuff people don’t really talk about; especially in Korea (he loved his home, but everywhere had its faults). So, that was one reason, and pretty good one at that, to just abandon the whole thing and move on. But, come on, who gives to shits about social norms? (Answer: Everybody. At least on a subconscious level, just a little bit. Don’t try arguing.) On the other hand, though, there are other people, some of them fans, experiencing the same thoughts and feelings he himself was consumed by not so long ago (maybe not exactly, but still), and they needed to know it was okay. Maybe not normal, but okay. And, of course, there was A.R.M.Y., they should know. Well, maybe they shouldn’t, but Yoongi was going to tell them, because he’d been working on this for too goddamn long to just drop it (and, of course, he was in a generally, though not always, much better mental state). Yoongi’s phone sounded and the popup returned. This time though, instead of hovering over the ‘YES’ button for a few seconds before hurriedly clicking ‘NO’ (or sometimes closing the window all together), he paused and picked up his phone. He had a

History Of Insider Trading Incident Of The Berkshire...

Introduction Insider trading is a very serious crime that occurs when information is shared about future decisions to get financial gain and then act upon it. Information of this caliber should be public knowledge so that everyone has an equal opportunity to make their investment decisions. An analogy would be if someone gained the answers to the final test and used them while everyone else has an unfair disadvantage. A rather large insider trading incident occurred with Raj Rajaratnam and Rajat Gupta. Gupta told Rajaratnam about a deal going on for preferred stock purchase for Goldman Sachs by the Berkshire Hathaway company. The information was given before any public announcement about the deal was made. This inside tip allowed Rajaratnam time to buy preferred stocks from Goldman Sachs and make a hefty profit from the information given to him. Rajaratnam and Gupta were eventually caught by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI had been recording their conversations over the telephone which were wiretapped. Rajaratnam and Gupta were both found guilty and received prison sentences. The dynamic duo were also required to pay a fine and as expected, both tried to appeal the court s decision. This is a prime example of a white collar crime versus being a street crime; no physical violence was used to commit the crime. Another way to differentiate a white collar crime is that both Rajaratnam and Gupta had successful careers on wall street, and both ended upShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesPublished by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Compan ies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or otherRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesrights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan ® is a registered trademark in the United States, UnitedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesglOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ DiscriminationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagessocial responsibility in the international development of a German company. Eurotunnel – clash of cultures threatens to derail Anglo–French rail link. Ryanair – competitive challenge and strategic choice in the budget airline industry. IKEA – quality and low prices at the Swedish furniture giant News Corporation – corporate logic and corporate management in a worldwide media business. CRH – impressive international growth of an Irish company driven from a ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficultiesRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesHughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a databaseRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies around the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified

Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes Free Essays

A. P. U. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. History Notes Chapter 1: â€Å"New World Beginnings† Summary: 225 million years ago, Earth was one supercontinent (Pangaea) and ocean. About 10 million years ago, the North America that we know today was formed (geographical shape). The first discoverers of North America were nomadic Asians who wandered over here by way of an exposed land bridge from Russia to Alaska during the Ice Age. Though they were hunters at first, by 5000 BC, they had become hunter-gatherers with a diet of basically corn. Great pre-European Indian cultures included the Pueblos, the Iroquois, the Mound Builders, the Mayans, the Incas, the Aztec, and the Sioux, among others (map of tribes on pg. 8). The Indians revered nature and land, and didn’t carelessly destroy it. Everything was put to use. In 1000 AD, Vikings discovered Newfoundland, but later abandoned it due to unfavorable conditions. Europeans, though, slowly began to proliferate into non-European worlds starting around the 1400s. After Marco Polo came back with stories of China and its riches, Europeans began to explore. First, they set up settlements in Africa, near the coast, where they used African slaves to work on plantations. In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India, opening a sea route to the Far East. Complications and dangers of this eastern sea route influenced Christopher Columbus to sail west. In doing so, he inadvertently discovered the Americas, though he never knew it. The Portuguese were first to settle in America, but the Spanish later became the dominant nation in the Americas. Spanish Conquistadores swept through Latin and South America, destroying the Aztecs and the Incas. Meanwhile, Magellan’s crew sailed around the world in 1519, becoming the first voyage to do so. As the chapter ended, Spain was very much in control of much of the Americas, though other countries were beginning to challenge the Spanish dominance. Important People: The Aztecs- Native Americans who that lived in what is now Mexico and routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization without having a wheel. The Mound Builders- Indians of the Ohio River Valley. The Mississippian settlement- At Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Illionis, was home to about 40,000 people in at 1100 A. D. Hiawatha- This was legendary leader who inspired the Iroquois, a powerful group of Native Americans in the northeaster woodlands of the U. S. The Norse- These Vikings discovered America in about 1000 A. D. , when they discovered modern-day Newfoundland. They abandoned it later due to bad conditions. Marco Polo- Italian adventurer who supposedly sailed to the Far East (China) in 1295 and returned with stories and supplies of the Asian life there (silk, pearls, etc†¦) Bartholomeu Dias- A Portuguese sailor, he was the first to round the southernmost tip of Africa, a feat he did in 1488. Vasco da Gama- In 1498, he reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile- The wedded king and queen of Spain, their marriage united the previously non-existing country. Christopher Columbus- An Italian seafarer who persuaded Spain to give him three ships for which to sail west to look for a better route to India, he â€Å"discovered† America in 1492 Vasco Nunez Balboa- Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Ferdinand Magellan- In 1519, his crew began a voyage and eventually ended up becoming the first to circumnavigate the world, even though he died in the Philippines. The sole surviving ship returned to Europe in 1522. Ponce de Leon- In 1513 and 1521, this Spanish Explorer explored Florida, searching for gold (contrary to the myth of his seeking the â€Å"Fountain of Youth†). Francisco Coronado- From 1540 to 1542, he explored the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico, penetrating as far east as Kansas. He also discovered the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of bison. Hernando de Soto- From 1539 to 1542, he explored Florida and crossed the Mississippi River. He brutally abused Indians and died of fever and battle wounds. Francisco Pizarro- In 1532, he crushed the Incas of Peru and got lots of bounty. Bartolome de Las Casas- A Spanish missionary who was appalled by the method of encomienda, calling it â€Å"a moral pestilence invented by Satan. † Hernan Cortes- Annihilator of the Aztec in 1519. Malinche- A female Indian slave who knew Mayan and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec. Montezuma- The leader of the Aztecs at the time of Cortes’ invasion who believed that Cortes was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. Giovanni Caboto- AKA John Cabot, he explored the northeastern coaster of North America in 1497-98. Giovanni da Verranzo- An Italian explorer dispatched by the French king in 1524 to probe the eastern seaboard of U. S. Don Juan de Onate- Leader of a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in 1598, he and his men proclaimed the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital, Santa Fe. Robert de La Salle- Sent by the French, he went on an expedition down the Mississippi in the 1680s. Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo- He explored the California coast in 1542 but failed to find anything of interest. Father Junipero Serra- The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain. Key Terms Words, etc†¦: maize- the Indian word for corn Conquistadores – the Spanish word for â€Å"conqueror,† these explorers claimed much of America for Spain, slaughtering millions of natives in the process encomienda- a euphemism for slavery in which Indians were given to colonists to be â€Å"Christianized. † Dia de la Raza- Spanish for Columbus Day. Lake Bonneville- massive prehistoric lake, all of which remains today in the form of the Great Salt Lake. Treaty of Tordesillas- treaty that settled Spanish and Portuguese differences in the Americas, Portugal got modern-day Brazil; Spain got the rest. Pope’s Rebellion- revolt in which Indians took over New Mexico and held control for nearly half a century. Places and Countries: Timbuktu- Capital of the West African kingdom of Mali, a place located in the Niger River Valley. Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, Pricipe- Areas where sugar plantations were established by Portugal then Spain where African slaves were forced to work. Potosi- A rich silver mine in Bolivia that enriched Spain with lots of wealth. Timeline: |c. 33,000 – 8000 BC |First humans come to Americas from land bridge connecting Asia and Alaska. | |c. 5000 BC |Corn is developed as a stable crop in highland Mexico. | |c. 4000 BC |First civilized societies develop in the Middle East. | |c. 1200 BC |Corn planting reaches present-day American Southwest. | |c. 1000 AD |Norse voyagers discover and briefly settle in Newfoundland (Vinland). | | |Also, corn cultivation reaches Midwest and southeaster Atlantic seaboard. | |c. 100 AD |Height of Mississippian settlement at Cahokia | |c. 1100 – 1300 |Christian crusades arouse European interest in the East. | |1295 |Marco Polo returns to Europe from Asia. | |Late 1400s |Spain unites. | |1488 |Diaz rounds the southern tip of Africa. | |1492 |Columbus land in the Bahamas. | |1494 |Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal. | |1498 |da Gama reaches India. | |Cabot explores northeastern coast of North America for England. | |1513 |Balboa claims all lands touched by the Pacific Ocean for Spain. | |1513 1521 |Ponce de Leon explores Florida. | |1519 – 1521 |Cortes conquers Mexico for Spain, defeating the Aztecs. | |1522 |Magellan’s crew completes circumnavigation of the world. | |1524 |Verrazano explores eastern seaboard of Norh America for France. | |1532 |Pizarro crushes the Incas. |1534 |Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence River. | |1539 – 1542 |de Soto explores the Southeast and discoveres the Mississippi River. | |1540 – 1542 |Coronado explores present-day Southwest | |1542 |Cabrillo explores California coast for Spain. | |1565 |Spanish build fortress at St. Augustine. | |Late 1500s |Iroquois Confederacy founded (according to Iroquois legend) | |c. 598 – 1609 |Spanish under Onate conquer Pueblo peoples of Rio Grande Valley. | |1609 |Spanish found New Mexico. | |1680 |Pope’s rebellion of New Mexico. | |1680s |French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle | |1769 |Father Junipero Serra fou nds Mission San Diego, in California. | Makers of America: – Conquistadores included Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Aztecs and the Incas respectively. Within half a century of Columbus’ â€Å"discovery† of America, they had claimed, for Spain, territory that stretched form Colorado to Argentina. – They spread from Cuba through Mexico and from Panama, south through Peru. – As the Spanish crown tightened its grip on its colonies, though, the conquistadors lost more and more power. – Most of them never achieved their dreams of glory, though a few received royal titles. – Many of them married Indian women, creating a new class of people called mestizos. – The mestizos formed a bridge between Latin America’s Indian and European races. How to cite Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes, Papers

Enrons Fall free essay sample

State the facts of the case. Enron is the Seventh- largest company in the united states but after six months, Enron filed for bankruptcy, the outcome of what has been called the greatest accounting fraud of the 20th century. Twelve thousand employees lost not only their jobs but their entire retirement and life savings, which had been invested in Enron Stocks. Other owners of Enron’s stocks—including thousands of ordinary Americans whose pension were also invested in Enron’s Stock—lost a total of $70 billion when the value of their stocks collapsed to zero. . What are the systemic, corporate and individual issues raised by this case? Systemic Issues: The Enron’s greatest accounting fraud was done by the person inside the company who was indeed in a higher position. This is not only a crime in the point of view of law but also an organizational fraud which affect everyone in the organization, including the shareholders, stockholders, and employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Enrons Fall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Corporate Issues: The accounting frauds was done by creating the Special Purpose Entity that covers the debt and failing investment in the company and turn it into sales revenue in the financial statement. In simplest way, they turn their liabilities to an asset. This is done through some executives of Enron with the help of Arthur Andersen, the chief auditor of Enron. Andersen violated the Public Accountant practices. Individual Issues: A moral Hazard caused by individual of Enron and the public revelation of Sherron Watkins in everything she knew about the malpractices in the company. . If the value of Enron’s Stock had not fallen, the Special Purpose Entities perhaps could have continued to operate indefinitely. Suppose that Enron’s stocks did not fall, and suppose that its accounting adhered to the letter, if not the spirit, of GAAP rules. In that case in your view, was there anything with what Enron did? Explain. If the practice was allowed by GAAP and the Enron did not fall is stil l consider as unethical behavior for the only purpose resulting for this action is fraudulence. If fraudulence is not the purpose of some person in Enron’s, then it would be Sherron Watkins who behave unethically for revealing the company information without the authorization of the company itself. 4. Who in your judgment, was morally responsible for the collapsed of Enron? Andrew Fastow, Enron’s former CFO, for setting up limited partnership called Special Purpose Entity and Arthur Andersen for being an accessory to the crime of Andrew Fastow.

Squirrel Nut Zippers free essay sample

The Squirrel Nut Zippers are a talented new band, formed two years ago. Theyve released three albums, one of which was limited edition, Sold Out. They have a style of music that is similar to the hot jazz of the 1920s. The first album, The Inevitable, contains 12 tracks, none of which were popular. But La Gripe is the best song of the CD. There is also a cool version of La Gripe on Sold Out. Most of the songs are up-beat, but they all have jazz tones. The second album, Hot, had two tracks releases. Hell, the first, is familiar to many people. The other, Put a Lid on It, is another excellent song. The thing that makes the Squirrel Nut Zippers unique is the use of both violin and trumpet, ukulele and saxophone, to create a distinct sound. If you havent checked them out yet, Squirrel Nut Zippers is definitely a band to listen to

The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Essay Example The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Paper The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Paper There has been a considerable rise in the tendency of the Wellness Industry chiefly in Asia-Pacific. As Destination Spas are developing in the industry, it seems it is still instead obscure as to what the hereafter holds for this peculiar sector. The lifting consciousness of people towards personal wellness and growing is making a demand for a service function that is presently germinating to provide to the demands of this come oning market tendency. This survey will look into possible results for finishs watering places, Mandala Spa, in the designated geographical country. The globalisation of health merchandises such as Spas are increasing and germinating, whereas the doctrines and traditions of the eastern civilization are perforating the western context and vise versa. These watering places are turning by integrating physical, emotional and religious activities coupled with the dad psychological science that mixes more esoteric patterns to raise the degree of mental health. ( Smith and Puczko, 2008 ) Wellness is defined as The multidimensional province of being good , where inner and outer universes are in harmoniousness: a heightened province of consciousness enabling you to be to the full present in the minute and react genuinely to any state of affairs from the deep inner good of your being . Wellness is an ever-evolving journey to a heightened waking up of the consciousness and working towards a fitter province in respects to the physical, mental and emotional sense of well-being, therefore assisting an person to farther experience life to its fullest with the greatest length of service. ( Bodecker and Cohen, 2008 ) Figure 1: The Expanded Wellness Model Beginning: Mueller and Kaufmann 2001 p.6 Overview of the Wellness Industry A considerable sum of visitants traveling to modern twenty-four hours wellness and health centres are largely non cognizant of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the interventions they experience. It would be non so far fetched to state that these visitants have non realized that the Ayurvedic patterns from India day of the month back every bit far as 5000 BC, or that the current make-up trade names that adult females are utilizing these yearss hold similar decorative traits to those used my the Egyptian adult females in 3000 BC. The earliest recorded certification of Chinese medicative methods day of the month back to 1000 BC, nevertheless in Western societies Chinese medical methods are regarded as alien and slightly new in their perceptual experience. Harmonizing to a survey made by the Spa Research Fellowship, the earliest mention to so name charming healing Waterss is 1700 BC and as the authoritative doctor and philosopher of the Hellenistic age, Hippocrates, one time sa id that aˆÂ ¦water is still, after all, the best. ( Health A ; Wellness Tourism ) There is an increasing consciousness of the mending belongingss of H2O, whether it be thermic, sea or mineral H2O. Civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans understood the assorted wellness related facets of H2O interventions and therefore were rather focused on fittingness and cleanliness through such patterns. On the other manus, other ancient civilisations from The Middle East and Asia and other autochthonal people around the universe were already cognizant of the wellness benefits of other patterns like herbal medical specialties, yoga, massage, speculation and other related religious patterns, for centuries before the cultivation of wellness related patterns in Europe. Although by Western criterions, the quality of life in many parts of the universe are apparently low or of hapless quality in comparing to Western societies, India and Africa can be cited as two better illustrations. These people populating in such hapless criterions have developed their ain ways of keeping thei r well-being, although such conditions of want favor the victory of unwellness over health. These patterns of continuing wellness and well-being are go oning to go more and more popular among twenty-four hours watering place operators and later the visitants of these yearss watering places are turning involvements acute plenty to desire them to see the beginnings or places of these patterns such as Yoga and Thai massage. ( Health A ; Wellness Tourism ) The term Spa, is an altered acronym for Solus Per Aqua , it can be translated as wellness through H2O. ( Leavy and Bergel, 2002 ) Harmonizing to Associate Professor Rujirutana Madhachitara, PhD of Penn State University in her paper, Opening Up a Services Market The Thai Spa Industry, From what we learn in the schoolroom and informant in existent concern life, market normally do non turn every bit explosively as wellness watering place have done in Thailand. Hotels and resorts along with enterprisers have recognized the potency of watering place development in Asia, it is even arguable to an extent that recent tendency of watering place has impacted the face of the Hospitality in the part. Intelligent Spas came up with the Spa Benchmark plan across the major Asia Pacific markets and summarized the findings in the tabular array below ( Garrow, 2007 ) Table 1: Asia Pacific Spa Industry overview Malaysia Since the twelvemonth 2002, Malaysia s watering place growing has increased by 200 % and continues to announce increased growing. Indonesia Is place to the larger watering place in respects to indoor infinite and more than half of them are destination watering place, within the part it is besides 2nd most low-cost following to the Philippines. Philippines Is the smallest in footings of market size but regardless it besides possesses on norm, the most legion sum of intervention suites, surveies show that there is besides strong potency for growing in this sector over the coming old ages. Singapore comparatively, the state has a mature market but is still predicted to turn at 11 % yearly over the approaching old ages. There is a considerable sum of twenty-four hours watering place of which half are said to be salon type oriented watering place. Taiwan Over 81 % of Taiwan s 300 watering place installations were twenty-four hours watering place, a big group of their watering place usage group trade name names, whilst watering place franchises are really common. Growth rate is said to be slow in the coming old ages. Table 2: Asia-Pacific Global Spa survey The Asia-Pacific watering place industry is the quickest turning part on a planetary footing, nevertheless it is yet comparatively immature. A larger proportion of watering place are preset in emerging markets while resort/hotels watering places are presently taking development. Typically, finishs spas are regarded as watering place resorts. Turning but yet developing wellness resorts in a sense. In comparing to Europe, watering place grosss in the Asia-Pacific are 35 % lower and 19 % lower on a planetary norm, nevertheless hotel watering place are merely 3.75 % to 5.8 % lower severally. Whilst in footings of staffing, hotel watering place are at an norm of 27 employees per constitution and 17 per watering place. Intelligent Spa s Global Benchmark Report, May 2009, states that the intervention room tenancy in the Asia-Pacific is 37 % higher in comparing to other parts, 45 % of entire gross histories for paysheet, and with an mean intervention rate of US $ 77 it is the lowest economic ally among all parts. ( Samantha Foster ) The term Destination Spa holds a peculiar criterion of luxury for spa-goers, as they were topographic points where the rich and celebrated would travel to reduce down. These yearss finish watering place offer more than merely a epicurean manner to acquire slender fast, they offer a assortment of merchandises that cater to the overall health of their clients. Such services offered are fitter diet options, lifestyle talks, yoga seminars and more traditional methods of energy attunement to happen your ain sense of inner and outer balance. ( Leavy and Bergel 2002 ) Mandala Spa brands itself as a finish watering place integrating all the bow mentioned services and more, in 2005 they won the esteemed Asia Spa Award for best finish watering place of the twelvemonth and spa intervention of the twelvemonth . Since so they have continued to win awards in 2006, 2007, and 2009. Since its startup in 2001, Mandala Spa has touched the lives of many people and has grown from a four-villa Day Spa to a full fledged Wellness Resort and Destination Spa. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mandalaspa.com ) Purposes The writer will carry on an in-depth research on what the hereafter holds for Destination Spas in Asia Pacific, concentrating on a development dress shop Destination Spa trade name, Mandala Spa as a premier mention. Aims To reexamine literature about the Wellness Industry with accent on Destination Spas. To look into the tendencies and variables act uponing the development of the Wellness Industry with focal point on the Destination Spa sector. To understand the schemes that Mandala Spa is utilizing for its success and how they will utilize these for future development or enlargement ; and To urge any findings to Mandala Spa and the Asia Pacific Spa and Wellness Coalition for the overall benefit of the industry and for future research ; Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW The Concept of Wellness Tourism Harmonizing to ( Verschuren, 2004 ) Wellness touristry is really different from wellness touristry as wellness touristry is considered a alone merchandise within the wellness touristry section therefore it is non a class in itself but a sub class of wellness touristry. Figure 1 Harmonizing to ( Kaspar 1996 ) , wellness touristry is the amount of all the relationships and phenomena ensuing from a alteration of location and abode by people in order to advance, stabilise and, as appropriate, restore physical, mental and societal wellbeing while utilizing wellness services and for whom the topographic point where they are remaining is neither their rule nor lasting topographic point of abode or work . By definition of ( Mueller and Kaufmann 2000 ) , following ( Kaspar1996 ) , wellness touristry can be the amount of all the relationships and the phenomena ensuing from a alteration of location and abode by people whose chief motivation is to continue or advance their wellness. They stay in hotels that are specialized in supplying the single attention with the appropriate personal know-how. To foster the statement these invitees require and expect certain service bundles that are comprehensive in nature, such bundles may include physical fittingness, speculations, dietetic advise, beauty attention and instruction. Harmonizing to The International Spa Association ( ISPA ) watering place are defined as entities devoted to heightening overall wellbeing through a assortment of professional services that encourage the reclamation of head, organic structure and spirit ( ISPA, 2006 ) A comprehensive classification of watering place has been produced by the International Spa Association is listed below: Club Spa Day Spa Spa Hotel Holistic Spa Medical Spa Bath Resort Spa Sport Spa Structured Spa Definition of a Destination Spa There is no universally accepted definition of finish watering place, instead the undermentioned faculty members present these definitions: Destination watering place predecessors were referred to as fat farms due to their slightly strict detoxification and weight loss programmes. These fat farms were perceived as the to-be topographic points for communities high societies, yet most of these constitutions were non deemed a pleasant vacation experience as most of them were ran similar to boot cantonments in a sense, where their invitees would set about restricted diets or fasting seminars where the promised consequences of weight loss would be achieved, nevertheless in no mode pleasant. Few of these fat farms would have beauty interventions, relaxation or speculation programmes and even less provided in instruction in footings of how to keep their lost weight, therefore invitees would finally derive the weight back. The finish watering place of today offer more than merely weight loss programmes but are now geared towards more meaningful exercising programmes, instruction on life style, health seminars, consultancy on diet and cleaning, and some offer medical trials or ratings. ( The Spa Encyclopedia ) Finish watering place are built with the primary intent of supplying spa/wellness activities for invitees as compared to resort/hotel watering place who s primary intent is to sell their suites while the watering place is an augmenting installation, the intent of finish watering place are the exact antonym of this. ( Gibson 2008 ) Finish Spas are a topographic point where visitants go for short retreats/wellness programmes that are slightly life altering or bring forth a high impact on the invitee s life style. ( Spa bodywork: a usher for massage healers ) Asia Pacific Wellness Traditions The wellness traditions of Asia follow a more holistic attack to wellness and well-being, handling the head, organic structure and spirit as one. Their manner of healing is by happening the kernel of the job and back uping the organic structure in mending itself hence hiking the organic structure s natural unsusceptibility against unwellness and disease. Therefore the attack through natural healing, in Asia, is rooted in spiritualty and tradition instead than on a footing of natural assets. In Japan the traditional bathing constitutions of onsens , which are Nipponese hot springs, are normally visited by locals in seek of speculation or relaxation and has grown in popularity among the tourers. Reiki and Shiatsu are two of the most prevailing health therapies from the Nipponese civilization and are presently really common interventions provided by western watering places. The bequest of India s historic civilization has existed before that of Ancient Egypt as even scholars respect Ayurveda ( the scientific discipline of life ) as one of the oldest mending systems in the universe. It is still normally the first signifier of traditional healing in Nepal, India and Sri Lanka. The traditional signifiers of Chinese medical specialty were focused on an persons overall province through a assortment of therapies, such as Chi ( the overall flow of life force or energy of a individual ) , Shen ( the individuals mind that is responsible for their mental abilities and consciousness ) , and Jing ( The regulating kernel of a individuals verve ) . Traditional Chinese medical specialty, similar to Indian Ayurveda, leans towards the facets of preventative and holistic attacks towards wellness in respects to physical motion, spiritualty, diet and emotional well-being. A myriad of therapies are offered, some of the most popular to reference are Tai Chi, Qi Gong, herbal medical specialties, and stylostixis which focal point on the flow of energy throughout the organic structure. Thailand is presently said to be the prima state in watering place development within Asia, having a broad array of services, merchandises, aesthetics and Centres. The basic rules of Wat Pho traditional Thai massage and the Lana traditions of Northern Thailand are what constitute the constructs of Thai watering place. The Temple of the Reclining Buddha, Wat Pho, located in the capital metropolis of Bangkok by the Grand Palace, is where traditional Thai massage was born. During the epoch before the temple was built, the country was a site for the pattern of traditional Thai medical specialty that has its relational beginnings from Ayurveda . Malaysia has a set of alone watering place programmes and atmospheres through the incorporation of small town or kampung traditions along with the health traditions practiced in the royal tribunals. Pressure point and long shot massage techniques which are the footing of Urut , the traditional Malay massage, which is the chief characteristic of the services offered along with traditional post-natal attention in adult females s wellness programmes. The foundation of these therapies are based on causative theory edifice on the forming rules of cold and hot, moist and dry and of the natural elements air, fire, H2O and Earth, derived from links to Ayurveda . Indonesia s pillar of advancing health and beauty comes from Jamu herbalism, traditionally it lies in the centre of pull offing the populations health care. The religious attacks to wellness, along with traditional massage techniques and fresh herb tea ingredients, are extremely incorporated in Balinese and Indonesian watering place. Vietnam, regarded now as the new Thailand amongst south east Asiatic investing circles due to its assuring economic system and inflow of new beach, golf and wellness resort developments. The chief medicative tradition of the state is referred to as Thuoc Nam of which is based more on traditional common people cognition. A Buddhist monastic and bookman, Tue Tinh, developed Thuoc Nam into a national system. He consolidated all the local medicative cognition from Vietnam and established clinics within monasteries along with herbal gardens coupled with educating the populace on the herbal place medical specialty. ( Dung and Bodeker 2001 ) The Philippines, being an archipelago, has its traditional medicative techniques profoundly rooted in the battalion of ethnics groups found on its 1000 of islands. Its traditional massage pattern is known as Hilot and is merely as diverse in techniques, patterns and tradition as it varies from part to part within the state. It is nevertheless being standardized, and therefore turning of all time more popular among the watering place programmes in the Philippines. ( Marana and Tan 2006 ) Cardinal Theories on Spas Compare and contrast an approximate of 3 cardinal theories here, place who your capable affair experts are through seeing who are the names who are ever cited in the assorted diaries and books you have on Spa. Support with some theoretical accounts, I think you have one theoretical account in your Chapter II already! Figure 1. Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs and Schutte and Ciarlante s Asiatic Equivalent Model. Adapted from ( Athena H. N. Mak, Kevin K. F. Wong and Richard C. Y. Chang ) Maslow s hierarchy of demands and the Asiatic equivalent theoretical account Tourist motive embraces psychological every bit good as physiological aspects because travel is expected to fulfill different degrees of demands such as psychological ( e.g. intrinsic, personal and interpersonal wagess ) and physiological demands ( e.g. nutrient, shelter, safety, wellness and fittingness ) ( Witt and Wright, 1992 ) . Maslow s ( 1970 ) hierarchy of demands is one of the most popular theories of motive used by research workers to analyze tourist motive ( Iso- Ahola, 1980 ) . Maslow proposes that human demands as incentives form a five-level hierarchy comprising of physiological, safety, love/ belonging, regard and self-actualisation demands. He farther states that the lower-level demands should be satisfied first before an person could travel up to higher-level 1s in the hierarchy. Mill and Morrison ( 1985 ) citation that motive is a phenomenon that takes topographic point when an single seeks to fulfill a demand, and suggest a correlativity between Maslow s hierarchy of demands and tourer motive. Maslow s theoretical account is based on Western civilization, so Schutte and Ciarlante ( 1998 ) have questioned whether self-actualisation ( a personally directed demand ) is existing among Asiatic consumers. They contend that Asiatic states predominately have a collectivized civilization ( Hofstede, 1980 ) , so the thought that a personally directed demand is at the highest degree of demands would neither be readily accepted nor regarded positively in the Asiatic civilization. Alternatively, socially directed demands seem to be more apt in such cultural context. Schutte and Ciarlante therefore put forth an Asiatic equivalent theoretical account, one that eliminates the personally directed self- realization demand and emphasizes the elaboratenesss and importance of socially directed demands, viz. , association, esteem and position. Based on the research conducted by ( Athena H. N. Mak, Kevin K. F. Wong and Richard C. Y. Chang ) Their survey identified the motivation factors for Hong Kong spa-goers seeking watering place experience when they travel. Their perceptual experiences of watering place, every bit good as their socio-demographic features, were analysed. In add-on, an instrument to mensurate motive in the spa touristry sphere was developed. Factor analysis consequences show that relaxation and alleviation , escape , self-reward and indulgence , and health and beauty are of import implicit in motivation factors for spa-goers, as shown in the survey. The consequence contrasts interestingly with general European spa-goers perceptual experience that spa experience is mostly for remedy or curative intents ( Miller, 1996 ; Douglas, 2001 ) , and American spa-goers perceptual experience that spa experience is a agency of self-reward ( Kaspar, 1990 ; ISPA, 2006 ) . For the Hong Kong context, it is really an integrating of self-reward and wellness, together with relaxation and flight motives. This typical combination of actuating factors reflects the alone implicit in demands of Hong Kong spa-goers. The demand for watering place is anticipated to turn continuously ( ISPA, 2006 ) , and the chances associated with watering places are many and varied. However, despite the bright mentality for the Asiatic watering place market, it is imperative for the watering place industry to maximize the potency for this niche market section mentality for the Asiatic watering place market, it is imperative for the watering place industry to maximize the potency for this niche market section. Current Situation of Mandala Spa Here you do a compose up discoursing the current state of affairs of Mandala Spa as a finish watering place in the Asia Pacific part. What is the key to Mandalas Success? You have to understand, that when you analyze wellnessaˆÂ ¦ and a committedness to health and the well-being of other people, you realize really rapidly that taking attention of other people or being a good attention taker for people, a really indispensable Christian quality, this is non something you do as a occupation like tossing hamburgersaˆÂ ¦ it is something that has to be developed inside of a individual as portion of their personality, inside of their bosom, so Karen Reina and I realized really rapidly that if you want to be sincere in the health industry by taking attention of other people one manner or the other. It could be in the watering place industry, the hotel industry or that might merely be in the nursing or physical therapy industry, the most of import quality is the love and compassion and ability to hold positive relationships with the invitees. We decided that this is one of the most indispensable qualities a topographic point can hold, this is what w e have to concentrate our service on, the remainder is truly proficient preparation, skill preparation, attitude polish, the manner your showing yourself with etiquette preparation, but what makes us really different from all other facets of the cordial reception industry is that when your working truly close with people, when your touching them literary with your custodies and fingers, when your all over their skinaˆÂ ¦ YOU CANT FAKE IT! If your non existent, people will recognize it the latest at that point, when person s custodies are all over them, that s when they realize if that service is existent or forge, they are merely feigning to give me a loving and lovingness service and merely see it as a occupation. This is what truly is the really kernel of mandala watering place, and this is what makes us different from many other topographic points to get down out withaˆÂ ¦ our mentality was non based on a well organized dispersed sheet full of figures, our first challen ge was and still is ever, how can you put in a civilization and a committedness to the kernel of cordial reception in our staff, a corporate civilization as it is calledaˆÂ ¦ this is the same challenge others in the same field are sing now in cordial reception, where they say that cutting border is where the invitee is loved or feels loved, what better cordial reception can you give other than true love and true attention? No affair on which degree, and this is what our people and invitees come back for. So when people ask what was their best vacation experience, it is frequently the really little relationships they had with their host, it is all about love, attention and regard, the remainder is truly merely dressing up. You really rapidly recognize that when you think that manner, well its different that beefburger tossing in a manner that you have to learn that manner of thought, you have to pass on that, you have to put in that as a portion of corporate culture.. that we wa nt to make things with attention, that we want to make things to keep or better the environment, that we are caring for our employees as people and non merely by looking at the one-year growing rate of the company, caring by doing an attempt to pass on with them, by seeking to supply personal growing chances for them, no affair if its through Yoga or personal negotiations or through engagement in our societal duty plans like seting trees, bettering the environment, and they are proud of that, they should experience proud of being soft, of being caring, of being compassionate. These are al the values we are seeking to put in within our corporate civilization, non merely the preparation to get down out with and proficient flawlessness, quality of touch, I am making that myself. But what truly brings everything through and what brings everything together is truly when your bosom is unfastened and your bosom is in it, and this is a large portion of Mandalas secret, we re seeking truly t o keep that corporate civilization that is true to itself, that walks the talk. Wellness and well-being is non a five to nine occupation for Mandala Spa, it is a manner of prevarication for Mandala Spa. Conclusively, a batch of people working with us or working with me are non at that place merely for the occupation or the wagess or the growing chances on a proffesional calling degree, they are merely at that place because they love the manner of life that they can populate during eight hours of their premier clip. Chapter 3: Methodology Research Paradigm and Design The Research Paradigm used in this thesis is that of intepretivism in which is a comprehension of the differences between worlds as societal histrions. The societal histrions in this instance refer to interview respondents. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill ( 2007 ) presented an statement that the concern universe is excessively intricate to be at the temperament of theories and definite `laws` in which rich penetrations may be lost in the procedure. In line with this paradigm, the writer maintains an empathic stance and trying to understand the societal universe from the point of position from the research subjects. As each state of affairs is alone and stands entirely, all these are a map of a specified set of persons and fortunes brought together at a peculiar clip. The epistemology of this paradigm is on subjective significances and societal phenomena with a focal point into an in deepness survey on the inside informations of finish watering place in the Asia Pacific, the background world and motivative actions. It will hold a subjective axiology due to the research being value edge and the writer being inseparable from the research. An inductive attack is used here in which the writer theorizes that the health industry is a sub class of the wellness industry wellness touristry and from recent tendencies it is predicted that the wellness industry is get downing to accommodate facets of the health industry as a more informed clientele demand for an integrating of health and nutrition into health care. This proposed theory is to be backed up with collected interview informations for testing of cogency. Qualitative Survey Data Collection Development Open ended inquiries are structured or at least semi structured. It is of import that the writer guides the interview and maneuver it back on subject should digression occur. Nonetheless, for the intent of the B.A ( Hons ) thesis, structured interviews should be used. If you use interviews but did non pull off to run into the individual face to face, attach a transcript of electronic mail correspondence in appendix. Or salvage MSN conversations into rich text format. Sampling Data Collection Datas Analysis Ethical motives Chapter 4: Analysis AND RESULTS Introduction Profile of Participants How many of them Number of contacts ( overall sampling frame ) How many returns? ( % of responses ) DO NOTE THAT FOR ONLINE SURVEYS, THE ACTUAL QUANTITY IS NOT EASILY DERIVED AND IS MAINLY AN ESTIMATE. Give grounds of testing ( How many were void? Even if individual replies all strongly agree, it is void! ) Proper stairss supersede absolute Numberss. Report the concluding, n = 19 ( % ) Who are the participants? ( Use your background inquiries to help you. ) For qualitative interviews, you ve been in contact with the individual. Describe their making to turn out that they are the appropriate individual to individual on the topic. Background of Participants Analysis of qualitative informations Reiterate that an inductive attack was used and that it is an explorative paper You have a pick here of analysing your informations utilizing a condensation, grouping or telling procedure. Chapter Summary Chapter 5: Discussion AND CONCLUSION Discussion Decision Restrictions Recommendations

Financial Markets and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Markets and Risk - Essay Example It will also mobilize and pool savings. Financial market also helps in diversification of trade and reduction of risk. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) It is vivid to note that this market facilitates development of financial institutions and instruments that can manage risks. (Baumol 2011, pp.122-130) The system also provides financial regulation to ensure stability of financial institution in any given economy. It is also worth noting that financial system ensures that funds are channeled from households, firms, and governments that have surplus funds to those with deficits (The economist 2011, p.39) . Various products are always provided by retail banks and non-banking institutions, these products promote movement of funds in the market to create a balance. The depository institutions always take deposits and lend out funds in terms of loans. This aspect always creates financial assets and enhances liquidity in a given market. In spite of considerable innovation in the financial sector, the popularity of depository services always persists. In Europe, bank deposits remain to be the best-known long-term savings. About 74% of European households have bank deposits. Various types of bank deposits are always offered. First, the time deposits which are not always disposable immediately because they are always fixed. Another type of bank deposits is the savings deposits whose negotiability is always restricted to a given level. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) There are always deposits resulting from savings scheme that always require the depositor to make regular payments. Securities Varieties of securities always exist in the financial market. The investment by households in securities has tended to increase in the developing countries in the past two decades. A good example of security is bonds. A bond is a debt instrument, which is the obligation of the borrower of funds to make specified interest and principal payments to lender of funds. The bond obligates the issuer to m ake specified interest and principal payments to the holder on specified dates. (BME 2008, PP.200-223) Giving long term loans The banks always offer long-term loans to the people with fund deficit and those who need to deposit. The banks always require the borrowers to have collateral to reduce default risk. The banks always require the borrowers to pay the principal amount and the interest accrued. This is the most common method of advancing credit to the borrowers. It is also vivid to note that the amount borrowed is always returned after a specified period. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) Implication of general increase in interest rate The general increase in interest rates always has an impact on the individual savers and investors. It is vivid to note that both savers and investors always receive this increase differently. (The economist 2011, p.39) Impact on savors Increase in the interest rates charged by banks and other financial institutions have a positive impact on the savors. The main aim of saving is always to gain interest. It is therefore fundamental to note that savors would be highly motivated to save when the interest rate is higher to gain more interest on their principal amount. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) It is salient to comment categorically that in the periods of low interest rates savors would opt to investing in other securities like bond, notes payable and even equity as long as the return is higher. (BME 2008, PP.56-89) Impact on investors

The Chinese Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Chinese Made Toy Recalls at Mattel - Essay Example Any toy quality/safety problems could be overcome by making manufacturing changes. The article also mentions that there was â€Å"lax regulatory enforcement,† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc., 179) in the factories that Mattel had set up in China, which often meant thatâ€Å"these laws were routinely ignored† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc., 179); problems of toy quality and safety could clearly be avoided if there was stricter control and supervision of product quality in these factories. Also, this problem of safety and quality could be eliminated if Mattel had developed its Global Manufacturing Principles before it had started a supply chain trading partnership with China, and ensured that the Chinese industries followed the rules and regulations of the GMP and terminating the partnership in case the Chinese did not follow the rules. (A2) Mattel made a number of positive responses to the toy recalls that largely had the impact of improving it s public image and in winning back its good reputation. Firstly, its CEO Robert Eckert appeared in a video, in which he made a public apology for the defected and harmful toys Mattel had produced and also pledged to â€Å"change how we work in the future†(The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc,176). Mattel representatives in September 2007 even made clear to the American Congressional Committee that the defected toys were a result of Mattel’s â€Å"own flawed toy designs†; this then lead to Mattel making changes in its manufacturing process. Apart from this, Mattel also guaranteed to â€Å"increase the frequency of its paint inspections, testing every batch delivered† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc., 176). In 2007, it also put a check on its products that were being shipped out of its Asian factories in order to thoroughly examine them for quality and potential health hazards; this had the effect of preventing â€Å"more than two-thirds of the recalled toys from reaching consumers† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc,177).Lastly, Mattel set up a â€Å"Corporate Responsibility division, which had accountability internally and externally for adherence to company safety and compliance procedures† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc., 177). The effect of all these actions was that it restored the positive image of Mattel in the public eyes. (A3) The article includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers and customers† (The Chinese-Made Toy Recalls at Mattel Inc., 179). Between Mattel and Early Light, there is a supply chain trading partnership that involves the two companies to work with one another when making decisions about manufacturing and distributing products. As the article states, the two companies have enjoyed this kind of collaboration for 15 years, and in my opinion, the two should contin ue to work together as supply chain trading partners since this entails a number of benefits. Firstly, the long amount of time (15 years) Mattel and Early Light have worked together in collaboration means that a high level of

Law Essays Admissible Criminal Evidence

Law Essays Admissible Criminal Evidence Admissible Criminal Evidence It matters not how you get it; if you steal it even, it would be admissible in evidence [per Justice Crompton in R v Leatham 1861] Discuss When considering the above statement it is necessary to examine legislation with regard to the admissibility of evidence. The starting point is to look at section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 which allows the court discretion to exclude any evidence they deem to have been unfairly obtained. There have been several cases where the issue of illegally obtained material has been considered. This paper proposes to examine the cases where judges have both exercised their discretion and excluded the evidence as well as the times when such evidence has been allowed. Within this framework consideration will be given of the factors that judges have taken into account when deciding whether or not to exclude such evidence. This will involve looking at policy issues in relation to the use of illegally obtained evidence in order to reach a conclusion as to whether in general terms the courts will opt to include or exclude such evidence. In reaching a decision as to the uniformity of the application of this discretion consideration will be given to whether changes that have occurred with regard to the rights of the suspect under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have impacted on the admissibility of such evidence. Although there have been many changes in the law with regard to the use of evidence that has been illegally obtained many judges still use the case of R v Sang [1980] as a yardstick by which to measure whether evidence such be excluded. In this case Lord Diplock commented that (1) A trial judge in a criminal trial has always a discretion to refuse to admit evidence if in his opinion its prejudicial effect outweighs its probative value. (2) Save with regard to admissions and confessions and generally with regard to evidence obtained from the accused after commission of the offence, he has no discretion to refuse to admit relevant admissible evidence on the ground that it was obtained by improper or unfair means.(at p 437) In this case the court following the comments made by Lord Diplock concluded that the judge would have no power to exclude the evidence on the basis that it had been obtained through the use of an agent provocateur. In many ways the decision whether or not to exclude illegally obtained evidence seems to centre on fairness. Sang remains as an authority of the rules on the exclusion of evidence as was demonstrated in the case of R v Nadir [1993] where Lord Taylor CJ said that if a judge considers evidence the Crown wish to lead would have an adverse effect on the fairness of the trial, he can exclude it under s 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.He also has a general discretion to exclude evidence which was preserved by s.82(3) of the 1984 Act which would allow the judge to exclude evidence he considers more prejudicial than probative. In the later case of R v Khan [1994] 4 All ER 426, Lord Taylor seemed to change his opinion of the use of Sang as an authority stating that Since, on any view, the discretion conferred on the judge by s 78 is at least as wide as that identified in R v Sang it is only necessary to consider the question of the exercise of discretion under s 78 which is what the judge did. In general terms although the judge has the discretion to be able to rule the evidence as inadmissible it is more common for the courts to allow the evidence to be adduced. Many judges are of the opinion that the effect of s78 does not make very much difference to the cases brought before the court as most judges seem to decide in favour of inclusion rather then exclusion of such evidence as was the case of R v Mason [1987] and in the subsequent case of R v Samuel [1988]. Mason was later quashed on appeal when it was discovered that the only real evidence against the defendant was the confession and that this had been obtained by telling the defendant that his fingerprints had been found in glass near the scene, which was totally untrue. This decision was reached on the basis of interpretation of s78 where it was considered that there was bad faith and impropriety on the part of the police. A similar decision was reached in the case of Matto v DPP [1987]where the officers persuaded the defendant to undergo a breath test despite the fact that they were conducting the test under circumstances in which they were not entitled to do so. The conviction was quashed with the judge stating that the bad faith of the officers in carrying out the test when they knew they were not entitled to had tainted the case as a whole. This case was distinguished from the case of Fox v Gwent [1986] as in this case the officers were not aware that they were acting outside of there powers. A further case where the court have ruled that the police were not acting in bad faith was the case of R v Alladice [1988] in which the defendant confessed and the confession was allowed to be admitted to the court despite the fact that the police had wrongly refused to allow the defendant access to a solicitor. From all of the above it would seem that the court will only regard the police as acting in bad faith if there is clear evidence that the police deliberately deceived the defendant. There are of course exceptions where the action of the officers was questionable and the courts have still deemed the evidence to be admissible as was the case in R v Christou [1992]. In this case undercover police officers set up a shop were they were supposedly selling jewellery. All transactions in the shop were secretly recorded which led to the arrest of the defendant for dealing with stolen goods and making incriminating statements. The judge held that the police had not incited the offences and there had been no unfairness in their conduct. In the case of R v Smurthwaite and Gill [1994] the officers posed as contract killers and recorded conversations with the defendants who were attempting to hire the services of a contract killer to murder their spouses. The court regarded the officers as agent provocateurs but held that the officers had not incited the defendants to kill their spouses and therefore the evidence was admissible. In this case the judge stated that the fact that the evidence has been obtained by entrapment, or by an agent provocateur, or by a trick, does not of itself require the judge to exclude it. If, however, he considers that in all the circumstances the obtaining of the evidence in that way would have the adverse effect described in the statute, then he will exclude it. In some instances evidence that has been obtained through impropriety has been excluded. Impropriety can occur were there has been a breach of criminal law or a breach of PACE. This was held to be the case in R v Khan [1994] where surveillance devices had been placed on the premises of the suspect. It was argued that the placing of the equipment on the premises amounted to trespass by the police. The court however allowed the evidence to be admitted and the defendant was convicted. In cases where impropriety is alleged most of these cases centre on the admissibility of confessions or incriminating statements. The reliability and admissibility of confessions is governed by s76 of PACE. The most common impropriety is the denial of access to legal representation. The failure to contemporaneously record interviews has also been a problem in the past. One such case where the defendant was denied access to a solicitor was R v Samuel [1988]in which the defendant was arrested for burglary and after having been charged with one offence of burglary was denied access to a solicitor during which time he was interviewed again and confessed to a robbery. At the appeal the court held that the denial of the right to consult with a solicitor was a breach of s58 of PACE and of the Code of Practice on Detention and Questioning. As the judge had failed to exclude the confession at the original hearing the conviction for robbery was ordered to be quashed. The appeal court stated that even if the confession was reliable the breach of s58 rendered the confession as unfair. Within the criminal justice system the gaining of evidence illegally is classed as one of the exclusionary rules where evidence is suppressed or defendant’s rights are violated. Bentham (1827) argued that if you ‘exclude evidence you exclude justice’ He further argued that the solution to the problem was not to deprive the jurors of the evidence but to instruct them about the dangers presented by the evidence and allow the jury to decide for themselves whether to believe the evidence presented to them. Bentham stated that it was rather a contradiction for the court to declare their confidence in the decision of the jury whilst at the same time withholding evidence from that jury for fear of them reaching the wrong conclusion. Bentham stated that If there be one business that belongs to a jury more particularly than another, it is, one should think, the judging of the probability of evidence: if they are not fit to be trusted with this, not even with the benefit of the judge’s assistance and advice, what is it they are fit to be trusted with? Better trust them with nothing at all, and do without them altogether Bentham felt that exclusionary rules are â€Å"insults offered by the author of each rule to the understanding of those whose hands are expected to be tied by it.† He stated that relevant evidence should only be excluded when there was a risk of an inaccurate verdict without the use of the evidence. He went on to advocate ‘the abolition of all formal rules and a return to a ‘natural’ system of free proof, based on everyday experience and common-sense reasoning’. In the case of R v Kearley [1992] the House of Lords held that the evidence of telephone calls and visitor’s to the defendant’s house where they were asking for drugs was irrelevant or inadmissible as hearsay evidence. The primary evidence in this case came from two witnesses who had given evidence stating that the defendants were engaged in the sale of heroin. In this case the persons that came to the house or telephoned dealt with the police who were occupying the house at the time. The evidence of those that had rang or had come to the house could only be used as hearsay evidence as there was no way of getting the persons to give direct evidence to the court. Initially the defendant was found guilty but this was overturned on appeal on the grounds that the judge should have directed the jury of the inferences that could be drawn from the evidence. The court stated that the defendants could not be found guilty on the basis of their association with the people who had rang or called at the house. As with criminal law evidence can also be excluded in civil law cases under Civil Procedure Rules 32.1, though such exclusion is rare as the burden of proof in civil cases is significantly less then for criminal trials. Choo (1989) argued that there are three possible rationales for the exclusion of evidence, these being compensation, deterrence and repute. Choo (1993) stated that judicial legitimacy was the most satisfactory basis for the exclusion of evidence. Ashworth (1977) disagreed with this stating that exclusion was on the basis of discipline, reliability and protection. Hunter (1994) agreed with this stating that discipline is similar to deterrence. One of the main reasons for excluding evidence is on the basis of reliability. Where the reliability of the evidence is in question the courts will frequently opt to exclude the evidence from the proceedings. Bentham (1827) suggests that there is no need for total exclusion and that so long as a caution is issued with the presentation of the evidence the jury should be entitled to hear that evidence. Choo (1989) believes that allowing the evidence to be disclosed to the jury when such evidence could be unreliable is an ‘infringement’ of the rights of the defendant. Choo states that such evidence should be excluded if it admission would have such an adverse affect on the fairness of the proceedings that the court ought not to admit it. From the above it can be concluded that the rules regarding the use of illegally obtained evidence are not uniformly applied. In some instances the court will exclude such evidence from the jury whilst in other cases the evidence will be admitted. It is clear from s78 that evidence that has been illegally obtained can still be submitted to the court if it can be proven to be reliable or if an unfair result would be achieved if the evidence where not presented to the court. The courts seem to place emphasis on the notion of fairness as fair play. This is applicable both in deciding whether to allow the evidence to be heard or whether the evidence should be withheld from the jury. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, C, Practical Guide to Evidence, 2nd Ed, 2001, Cavendish Publishing Ashworth, A (1977) ‘Excluding Evidence as Protecting Rights’ [1977] Criminal Law Review 723 Ashworth, A and Blake, M The presumption of innocence in English law [1996] Crim LR 306 E Bentham, J, Rationale of Judicial Evidence 15-16 (1827), London Choo, A Mellors, M, ‘Undercover Police Operations and What the Suspect Said (or Didn’t Say), [1995] 2 Web JCLI Choo, A (1989) ‘Improperly obtained evidence: a reconsideration’ 9 Legal Studies 261 Choo, A (1993) Abuse of Process and Judicial Stays of Proceedings (Oxford: Clarendon Press) Elliott, C, Quinn, F, Criminal Law, 3rd Ed, 2000, Pearson Education Glazebrook, P R, Statutes on Criminal Law, 2001, Blackstone’s Hunter, M (1994) ‘Judicial Discretion: Section 78 in Practice’ [1994] Criminal Law Review 558 Huxley, P, O’Connell, M, Statutes on Evidence, 5th Ed, Blackstone’s Murphy, P, Blackstone’s Criminal Practice, 2002, Oxford University Press Smith. J C, The presumption of innocence (1987) NILQ 223 B Stephen, Sir JF, A Digest of the Law of Evidence, 12th Ed, 1936, Art 147

Axis Bank

Due to the radical changes brought up in the new era of Banking, General Public is becoming more and more conscious of the services and facilities the different banks are providing. Banks have also started tieing up with insurance companies and other allied services companies to fulfil the needs of their customers. The delivery channels have also been shifted from branches to net banking etc. Sales promotion have also been used to position the product correctly in the eyes of the customers and for product awareness to the customers.Several tools are being used like day-to-day promotional activities like discounts, offers, loans, trade promotion, other promotional activities and so on. The project in so designed as to find out the potential customers and also bring to the knowledge about the various products and services provided by the bank. In the successive chapters we will be talking about organization. . We will also be discussing about the various products and services providedS ection 7 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 makes it essential for every company carrying on the business of banking in India to use as part of its name at least one of the word- bank, banker, banking or banking company. Ancient Hindu scriptures provide enough evidence of the existence of money lending business in India. Mahajans, Shroff, Sahukars, etc. were enjoyed in banking business. In the beginning of the 18th century, the East India Company set up a few commercial banks on moderns lines. In 1770, first Indian bank known as the Bank of Hindustan was started and was closed down twenty years later.Later, the East India Company started three Presidency banks with Government participation. These were: the Bank of Calcutta (1806), the Bank of Bombay (1840) and the Bank of Madras (1843). These banks had the financial participation by the Government also. During the 18th century, some other banks were also opened by Agency Houses in Madras and Calcutta. All these banks failed. Since all the banks emerged due to Agency Houses failed, the need of banking regulation in India was seriously felt. As a result, Companies Act, 1833 was brought into force.The impact of the Agency Houses got slowly reduced. Allahabad Bank came into existence in 1865 and Alliance Bank of Simla in 1875. The first purely Indian joint stock bank known as the Oudh Commercial Bank was set up in 1880 and the Punjab National Bank was launched in 1894. The Swadeshi movement in the country in 1906 encouraged the Indian entrepreneurs to start many new banks. There were as many as 648 commercial banks in India by the end of 1947. As many as 161 banks failed in quick succession during 1913-1914 and the people’s faith in the baking system was shaken.

Are Willy Loman and Oedipus Rex true tragic heroes?

The tragic hero should be the kind of hero in whom we can all see ourselves, and whose struggle we identify with. Neither Oedipus nor Willy is such a character: both are so hell-bent on following what is shown to be a clearly mistaken path of action that we cannot share in their suffering or misfortune. I do not believe that we cannot see or identify with either Willy or Oedipus' character. I think that both characters show both the best and worst aspects of humanity. Oedipus especially has admirable qualities that we as an audience would aspire to. It is interesting to note the opening: it is the only surviving Sophocles' play to open with such a mass dramatic scene. This was more common in dramatists such as Aeschylus' work. Sophocles' openings were usually more quiet and private. The scene opens with Oedipus addressing Thebes, and shows a paternalistic side to Oedipus. Firstly, the staging would have helped to enhance this paternalism – Oedipus is on the stage, raised above the orchestra where the chorus would stand, speaking down to them dominating the space. He refers to Thebes as ‘My children' which suggests that although he is an authority figure, he is concerned about his people, and is compassionate. It is rare in Greek tragedy for rulers to address their people in this way. In the rest of his opening speech Oedipus is comforting and devoted. A modern audience would especially admire Oedipus for this, and this would help us identify with Oedipus. The ancient Greeks would also have likened him to their great, grand, ruthless but democratic leader Pericles – which would have increased their identification. Oedipus also has a degree of empathy: ‘You suffer; yet, though sick, not one of you Suffers a sickness half as great as mine' This empathy shows a humane caring side despite his elevated status he is not at all different from his people. This suggests that although Oedipus is treated almost god-like, he can identify with the average person. This helps with the audience's identification with Oedipus. Towards the end the audience see Oedipus' large capacity for love and affection – even after his downfall. He loves his daughers: ‘But my unhappy daughters, my two girls, Whose chairs were always set beside my own' This beautiful insight into the relationship between Oedipus and his daughters shows Sophocles' uncanny ability to express emotion, and would appeal to the audience, we can all identify with familial love. Oedipus is determined in his struggle, and as an audience we identify with this – as normal average human beings we have to be determined in order to overcome struggles in life. He constantly struggles to find the truth of his identity: ‘Stop! Who were they? Who were my parents? Tell me! ‘ I must ask: how is wishing to know the truth surrounding a mysterious background deemed as ‘hell-bent'? Surely that is what everyone strives for in life is the ancient Greek aphorism: Know Thyself. Every common person can identify with this; it is not confined to the great and mighty. Oedipus' language here is exclamatory and conveys a note of desperation – the audience can obtain a sense of his real burning desire to know himself. Oedipus also has characteristics in himself that we can identity with – not because they are admirable, but because they are flaws, which all of mankind possess. The audience can see a glimpse of arrogance and vanity, when he says ‘Whose fame is known to all' but to contemporary Greeks pride was not at all a weakness. However, to a modern audience, Oedipus would seem arrogant here, and this perhaps shows a more unappealing side to humanity. It begins to emerge that Oedipus has an unrelenting quest for knowledge, and is no pushover: ‘But if you keep silent, if any man Fearing for self or friend shall disobey me' The audience glimpses of how impatient and inquisitive Oedipus actually is, as he poses a quick fire of questions towards Creon, e. g. : ‘Where was he murdered? In the palace here? Or in the country? Or was he abroad? This could perhaps provide a good argument for the above statement – that Oedipus is ‘hell-bent' on following this mistaken path of action. However, I feel that everyone at some point is determined to follow something mistaken, and it is how they deal with their error that really determines their heroism. This is what the above statement ignores; the tragic hero isn't determined by the events leading to their downfall, but more so how they respond to these events. There is a marked change in Oedipus, his tone changes one of irritability: ‘Why, what is this? Why are you so despondent'. Throughout the quick dialogue with Teiresias the audience are shown a less controlled Oedipus: ‘But to withhold your knowledge! This is wrong Disloyal to the city of your birth. ‘ There is a repetition of negatives here, and a critical accusatory tone. Oedipus is now more exclamatory ‘You villain! There is a constant questioning by Oedipus, and the flow of speech between the characters is more fragmented and jagged than previously. This is achieved by the use of many hyphens and short sentences: ‘You do not know- therefore I am the villain! This again creates a much more chaotic and less controlled side to Oedipus – he is not perfect which I actually feel helps us to empathise with him, and consequently are more able to share in his misfortune. Teiresias appears to try and stop Oedipus' misguided path of action in the same way that Biff tries to stop Willy ‘I am not a leader of men, Willy, and neither are you' – but both Oedipus and Willy are too strong of characters to be swayed. ‘This crime was planned and carried out by you' which shows the irrational side to his character, and the simple absurdness of it all. I think Oedipus' anger is pardonable with Thebes in great danger; he cannot get to the core of the mystery when Teiresias refuses to speak. Also, the refusal is incriminating; and it was not unknown for a king to be plotted against, so I could argue that Oedipus is not completely irrational. Greeks were accustomed to taking the oracle's words with a grain of salt, the oracle had not supported Athens in either the Persian or Peloponnesian War, and so I think a contemporary audience would be able to identify more with Oedipus at this point, and we may not see much Oedipus in ourselves, The concept of oracles is very foreign to us. There are however, some parts of the play were we cannot share or identify with Oedipus' suffering – simply because it is so far removed from what we know. For example, Oedipus' downfall is extremely intense. The language and imagery in describing this terrible downfall is rich and evocative: ‘Showers of black rain and blood-red hail together' is said by the messenger in describing how Oedipus has blinded himself; he also speaks of the ‘common storm' of the husband and wife. Oedipus also despairs ‘Oh cloud of darkness abominable. This graphic storm metaphor is used extensively throughout the play, and conveys to the audience the catastrophic disharmony between man and nature caused by chaos in the royal house of Thebes. The Greeks had a dangerous freedom in their open society – which could perhaps be a reason why Oedipus is so ‘hell bent' on following this mistaken path. Each individual is un-accommodated and alone – with nothing to confin e him. It adds unique terror to the Greek tragic vision – we can see from the devastating downfall of Oedipus that the gods were unpredictable – no Greeks expected perfect justice from them. In modern society, most people trust the goodness of their God and abide under the shadow of the Almighty. From this viewpoint I feel that a modern audience could perhaps not share so much in Oedipus' suffering, because they don't expect it. But in his downfall we also see strength in Oedipus – and this is where we feel relieved or uplifted, and the completion of the catharsis. When Oedipus returns to the stage blinded, the audience know that he has passed through the dark night of the soul and has survived the worst. At this stage Oedipus joins the chorus in a lyrical exchange, a kind of duet that begins with an outcry of pain and suffering ‘Alas! alas! and woe for my misery' . In joining the chorus in song meter, he expresses with a new level of emotion and sympathy with humanity. This is in stark contrast to his previous commanding distance and he can now identify and stand beside mere mortal man – which he is himself. I think this is one of the most important parts of the play with regards to Oedipus being presented as a hero. We can identify with him because even if he did pursue a ‘hell-bent' path he made it out alive – and can now empathise with the rest of humanity. A tragic hero must encounter a tragedy – or else they are not heroic, and I definitely can say Oedipus encounters a tragedy. Oedipus does not flinch or hide away from what he has dome – he speaks clearly ‘And she that bore me has borne too my children'. This admittance and courage shows the endurance of the human spirit, Oedipus transcends suffering. The audience will feel a degree of optimism for humans – all is not lost in Oedipus Tyrannus. Oedipus, unlike before, now accepts his destiny ‘My fate must take the course it will' and accepts it quietly and calmly. The audience do not see the common self-pity of the protagonist in this tragedy unlike others – e. g. Lear in Shakespeare's King Lear. Oedipus remains a tower of strength. Oedipus here highlights the best qualities found in humans. Aristotle stated that it is the quality of the hero's response to the peripeteia and the manner in which he confronts it that determines his essential worth as a tragic hero and gives him ultimate tragic status. Oedipus, in coming through the dark night of the soul, confronts his destiny with courage and bravery. This is echoed in Willy Loman, who never gives up his dream of success for him or his son Biff. To imply that Oedipus is on a hell-bent path suggests that fate has victimised him. I believe this is not true – Oedipus could have left the plague in Thebes, he could have left the murder of Laius un-investigated and he could have not pressed Teiresias or the herdsman for the truth. However, his piety, justice, and desire for knowledge meant that he must. And thus it is his character that has caused the tragedy – his good and bad qualities – his human qualities – and so thus I find that we do share his suffering and misfortune. Willy is a product of the optimistic post war society, and he has a real burning desire to sell and succeed: ‘Goddammit, I could sell them! ‘ This is admirable, and shows an iron determination as well as joyous enthusiasm in Willy's character, and so one could argue that like Oedipus' iron determination, Willy has aspects in his character that highlight the best in humanity. He has a real sense of competition, and acknowledges that the ‘competition is maddening! ‘ Willy doesn't accept this competition with defeat – he presses on – he even states to Biff: ‘Never leave a job till you're finished'. I don't see how striving till the very end, regardless of how successful you are in monetary terms, is considered ‘hell-bent'. Willy loves his family: ‘The man who never worked a day but for your benefit' and I feel that the audience would definitely share in his suffering and misfortune – millions of people today strive to provide for their families. Willy is an admirable in his determination for success for his family: ‘I get the feeling that I'll never sell anything again, that I won't make a living for you, or a business for the boys'. The audience feel a sense of pathos, Willy is striving for a better life for his family, and his struggle is against a mighty and powerful force, that ultimately leads to his demise – quite like the gods in Oedipus Tyrannus. Like Oedipus, although he cares for his family deeply, his drive to preserve his personal dignity and honour surpasses their need, and this could perhaps explain why he chooses to kill himself – leaving Linda with nothing. External forces such as consumerism also shape Willy's way of thinking, and would have affected millions of people in that period in America. Consumerism was a major force in the late forties, with families having more disposable income and industry and economy booming, consumer products were churning out faster than ever before to meet the demand. This is demonstrated in Death of a Salesman: ‘there's nine-sixty for the washing-machine. And for the vacuum cleaner there's three and a half' speaks Linda in Act One, and Willy laments how ‘we should've bought a well-advertised machine'. Arthur Miller denounces consumerism through Willy: ‘Once in my life I would like to own something outright before it's broken'. A contemporary audience should be able to identify with this, that Willy has an up-hill struggle against a corrupt society. Willy's mistaken path is not entirely his own doing, but the above statement does not consider these external factors in shaping Willy's destiny. Willy lies unthinkingly – it is almost like an automatic reaction. The audience can see though; Willy's later hesitance, stuttering and pauses ‘Well, I – I did about a hundred and eighty-gross in Providence' showing the extreme discrepancy between his dreams and his reality. This shows his insecurities behind the bravado ‘I'm fat. I'm very – foolish to look at, Linda'. These poignant moments show the deep-seated insecurities within Willy – and I think the audience will be able to identify with Willy at these times – and sympathise with him. Although Willy may be deluded and lie unthinkingly, we can see that he is not completely deluded though, and in this strange metaphor ‘The woods are burning! Willy is realising that his dreams are going up in smoke. This is juxtaposed with the realist vernacular that occurs throughout the play, and suggests this line is of great importance – that Willy is aware that his path is mistaken. However, it suggests that at this stage, he must continue to follow it to retain a sense of personal dignity. This shows the complexity of Willy's decisions, and I feel the above quote trivialises them somewhat. Willy is tired and exhausted – this is made clear in the stage directions: ‘Even, as he crosses the stage to the doorway of the house, his exhaustion is apparent. He unlocks the door, comes into the kitchen, and thankfully lets his burden down'. This staging helps to enhance the realism of Willy's character, and the audience can see visually as well as from the dialogue this man's exhaustion. This very humanistic portrayal of Willy would strike a note with the audience, and I feel that we can share in his suffering, and that he is not following this mistaken path for trivial reasons – he genuinely wants to be better. We can also see in Willy the worst in ourselves – this man has many flaws. There are no attempts to idealise Willy – he is perhaps an anti-hero, and Arthur Miller states that this tragic process is ‘not beyond the common man'. As an audience, we should be able to identify with Willy's suffering and misfortune even more than Oedipus', as it is not so far removed from our own selves. Willy can be rude and dismissive ‘Don't be a pest Bernard! What an anaemic', his language here being vulgar and childish. He can also be intensely angry at the people who love him – he is seen on stage as ‘exploding at her' (Linda). He also betrays Linda's trust in his affair with the woman – which, in memory time – comes back to haunt him: ‘[The WOMAN'S laugh is heard. ] Willy: Shut up! Willy's interior is explored through the use of memory time. Willy often reverts into episodes of memory time when reality becomes too hard to bear. From a psychological point of view, it shows that Willy is perhaps trying to repress the pain he is feeling. This enables the audience to see a more rounded view of Willy's situation, and we are shown his mental suffering graphically, which increases our sympathy for this character. The staging in Oedipus Tyrannus is much simpler and relies mostly on the dialogue – and so a modern audience may not be able to identify as much with Oedipus, as we do not see such detail into his mind. Other characters also highlight Willy's suffering; Linda says ‘He's been trying to kill himself'. Is Willy finally giving in to his failure? We see however, later on in the play, that his attempts to kill himself are not because he is admitting failure, but to gain i20,000 in life insurance in order for Biff to become successful: ‘It's twenty thousand dollars on the barrelhead. Guaranteed, gilt-edged, you understand? ‘ he tells Ben in a fictional episode. Ben uses the sinister metaphor: ‘The jungle is dark but full of diamonds, Willy' to describe Willy's suicide. This is perhaps a point in the play were I do agree with the expressed view ‘hell-bent' on following a mistaken path. Willy has such determination that he will end his own life to secure some sort of success. I feel that here the audience would find it hard to identify with this – most of us would never go this far, and I think most of us would realise how success is not the most important thing in life. For Willy though, it is what he has based his whole life on, and like Oedipus, he wants to preserve that honour. Miller states that the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing – his sense of personal dignity'. This perfectly describes Willy, and so, even if we cannot perhaps identify specifically with his struggle, we are still in the presence of a tragic hero. We could ask however, does Willy need to lay down his life for his personal dignity? It doesn't matter what we think, because for Willy, this is the only way to. I feel that Willy's path is certainly more hell-bent than Oedipus' in that Willy never gains self-knowledge or approaches an anagnorisis of what he truly is, Biff sadly states in the Requiem ‘He never knew who he was'. Whereas Willy dies perhaps in vain, Oedipus survives the dark night of the soul, and accepts his destiny. This could be why audiences more readily see Oedipus as a tragic hero whom we can see the best and worst of ourselves in.