How Have the Concepts of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law...

JOURNAL 1 The United State has been established based on the foundation ideas of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance. Those ideas have become the strong pillars for our Founding Fathers to build a new society (Coaty 23) which vividly accounted in the U.S. Constitution. The questions arise, what are the Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance? Why those ideas have become so vital? The Popular Sovereignty means is a form of power that a nation state has over itself and its people. This was an idea that the government was created and sustained by the consent of its people, where the political power was mainly derived from. Rule of Law is the measure that used to shape the whole society under the certain order. Rule of†¦show more content†¦The original of the Constitution includes the 10 amendments that directly derived from the Bill of Right. Bill of Right is nature right of liberty and property that the ones country should have. The other amendments were adding in the process of maturation of political system. The Constitution is the living document that always can bend for any situation even though it was written for three hundred years. Right in the Preamble, the three words WE THE PEOPLE emphasized the ideal nation build for and by the people. It demonstrated the new experimental government in United States that came out successfully as today. This term gives everyone the collective right to involve the government that they choose to live under. Because of that the preamble became the statement of the motivation and promise to change the Articles of Confederation and forward the better society as if today. The Constitution also conveys the sense of equity even though there were a lot of discriminations back then. It gives every of its citizens the rights to choose their representative disregarding of their ethnicity, location. According to the Constitution, the separation of powers into three branches, which are legislative, executive, judicial branches, in order to guarantee the rights for the citizens of the United States. Three separated branches functional differently work together harmony under check and balanceShow MoreRelated The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pagespre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian history and in the everyday conversations of Iranians. 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Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those culturesRead MoreEmilio Aguinaldo4383 Words   |  18 PagesPhilippines. Through his strength and determination, the Filipino people were finally able to break away from colonization and establish their own name. Posted 2 years ago 1 note Political Cartoons propaganda -  chiefly  derogatory  information, esp. of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view Propaganda in the US was very popular, especially during times of war. And the Philippine-American War was no exception, even though they have decidedRead MoreCultural And Religious Influence Of The European Union4203 Words   |  17 Pagesencourage greater tolerance for other cultures across Europe. They invited all of Europe to respond to the social, political, and economic challenges of the culture sector. 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Historical experience provided the base; Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution inRead MoreImpact of Socio-Economic and Cultural Changes on the Personality Development of Adolescents8858 Words   |  36 PagesIMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CHANGES ON THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS INTRODUCTION 1. The enormous socio-economic and cultural changes coupled with technological revolution have unfolded an urgency to address issues pertaining to grooming up of young personalities beyond the usual concerns of discipline and education in Bangladesh. 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The kindness and dedication you have shown me are beyond what fathers’ are required to give their children, for this and many more you have done, I dedicate this to you. â€Å"I know that I will never find my father in any other many who comes into my life, because it is a void in my life that can only be filled by him.† Halle Berry â€Å"The

The Odyssey literary elements - 823 Words

Vanshika Mullick Mr.Finken Honors English I April 3, 2014 Irony creating elements of surprise Irony is often used by authors to create an element of surprise or humor and to increase and enhance their work. Homer, author of The Odyssey, is one of the many authors who use this literary technique well. In The Odyssey, Homer has presented irony to create an element of surprise to the character and to the audience. There a lot of instances throughout The Odyssey where Odysseus is present but the people around him do not quite know it is him, but when they do get to know, they are absolutely shocked-creating dramatic irony. There are also instances where the way the characters act or respond to several situations leaves the audience†¦show more content†¦Odysseus is very surprised and he says that Penelope’s heart is â€Å"iron in her breast† (23.194)! In The Odyssey, Homer has presented irony to create an element of surprise to the character and to the audience. There are a lot of situations in The Odyssey where the presence of Odysseus is unknown to the characters but is known to the audience and when the characters get to know about this, they are left utterly surprised. Also, when Athena sends Telemakhos away even though she knows where Odysseus is, the audience has more information than the characters. Both of these examples create dramatic irony. Situational irony has also been used, but rather than creating an element of surprise to the characters, it creates an element of surprise to the audience because what really happens is not what the audience would expect. Homer has clearly and effectively used the literary technique of irony-it has enhanced his work, created humor, and has certainly made The Odyssey more exciting to read. Works Cited Homer. The Odyssey. Ed. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1998.Show MoreRelatedCritical Lens Layout Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Lens Essay Format. Directions: The critical lens is a formulaic essay that consists of 4-6 paragraphs and explores two works of literature and two literary elements from each work of literature. Use the format below to help you write your essay using Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey and Richard Connell’s short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. Introduction Paragraph: †¢ Copy the quotation exactly as it appears and include the author (1 sentence) â€Å"Henry Ward Beecher once said, â€Å"GreatnessRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Odyssey1025 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey by Homer is a literary classic that presents many themes about the natures of both man and god. Although the characters of the book display characteristics relatable to those of the people today, one of the most prevalent differences between the two eras and their people is the intense violence that takes place throughout the entirety of the epic. This violence serves several functions in the work as a whole. The violence that is enacted upon the characters of The Odyssey serve as aRead MoreThe Aeneid and The Odyssey1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey and Virgils The Aeneid? There are many similarities that could be examined indepth. The lovers encountered in both plays can lead to the idea of ancient plagarism. The games held by the greeks and trojans are simil ar to the Olympic Games. The downfall of characters, cities or monsters can be seen often in many stories. Maybe rewriting history is the effort of a plagarist to cheat true historical events. The lovers Aeneas and Odysseus encounter in either the Aeneid or Odyssey is vastRead More The Women from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain1690 Words   |  7 PagesWomen from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently, the role of women in literature has seemed to reflect the way they were treated in society. Women were seen as secondary to men, and their sole purpose in life was to please a man’s every desire. This is not the case in three specific literary works. The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight use the actions of its women characters to greatly enhance important thematic elements. The women inRead MoreBeowulf: The Canonization of Anglo-Saxon Literature into Modern Popular Culture769 Words   |  4 Pagesbottom-left corner gives the juicy hook for this edition: Beowulf Meets Dracula. Despite over eight hundred years of literary separation, English literatures earliest known epic hero gallantly faces off against its biggest villain.1 While the idea of Beowulf and Dracula facing off mano-a-mano is hardly surprising to todays postmodern readers, the combination of the disparate elements on the comic represents something larger than the story arc itself: the canonization of Anglo-Saxon literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey is known to be a one of the greatest epic poems written during the 8th century BC Homer’s epic poem contains stories about Odysseus journey of returning home. However, it is not just about Odysseus’s journey back home but, his son Telemachus who finds out that his father is alive and in order for Telemachus to find his father. He must develop himself to become like his father because his father is known for being a man who is cunning, strong, well crafted, and responsible. In book 2 ofRead MoreThe Impacts Of The Odyssey In Homers The Odyssey1166 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on hi s long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus’ family left behind: the travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call â€Å"home wreckers†, suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguisesRead MoreThe Elements Of Foils In Homers Odyssey942 Words   |  4 PagesFoiling in The Odyssey Foils exist to create secondary characters actions and thoughts. These actions and thoughts are the ideals of the representation of that person. That person exists in contrasts with other people. Other people exist in comparison with that person. These ideals exist in all of literature with the introduction and the plays of old. The Odyssey along with olden works of literature conduct their secondary characters to interact with the primary. Homer utilizes the ideals of contrastsRead MoreThe Similarities Of Foils In Homers Odyssey950 Words   |  4 PagesFoils in The Odyssey Foils exist to create secondary character’s actions and thoughts. These actions and thoughts are the ideals of the representation of that person. That person exists in contrasts with other people. Other people exist in comparison with that person. These ideals exist in all of literature with the introduction and the plays of old. The Odyssey along with olden works of literature, conduct their secondary characters to interact with the primary. Homer utilizes the ideals of contrastRead MoreThe Odyssey Essay967 Words   |  4 Pages2011 The Odyssey In the epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer, the journey of a Greek king is traced. Though sailing can sound extremely easy like driving, in this epic poem things are slightly different. Odysseus the protagonist of this epic poem and his sailing crew face frequent temptations that not only determine their loyalty and strength to resist these temptations, but also how long-lasting their sail back home can be. The enlightened message portrayed through various literary elements is: Temptation

Ethics Moral Reasoning Contemporary Issues -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethics Moral Reasoning Contemporary Issues? Answer: Introduction Company X has just signed a business agreement with Company Y, which entitles both of them to access each other clients records. Mr. Faisal, a software programmer at Company Z, was assigned the task of developing a software program that handles the access and retrieval of records from each Companys database system into the other. A first run of the software on real data indicated that the work was well within the state of the art, and no difficulties were found or anticipated. Several weeks later and during a normal test on the software developed, Faisal discovered a serious security hole in the database system of Company Y by which hackers can easily obtain confidential information about clients. He was convinced that while the software he developed could correctly accomplish the task, the code in Company Ys database system could not be trusted as the security hole posed a threat even on Company Xs database system. Faisal told his manager about the problem and explained its signific ance. The manager's response was, "That's not our problem; let's just be sure that our software functions properly." Faisal is not sure what to do. Refusing to work on the project means disobeying his managers orders. Continuing to work on the project, means disobeying one of Gods commands, this requires him to be truthful and sincere in his dealings. Q1. What's going on? The company X is in a business agreement with company Y. The database of company Y contains a security hole due to which it is also affecting the database of company Y. The manager is not listening to the software programmer. He just wants his software to function properly. The software programmer is in dilemma of working on the project. Q2. What are the facts? By testing it was concluded that the database system of company Y has a security hole and it will definitely affect the database system of company Y. Faisal cannot refuse the project because it will be against his managers order and while continuing the project he will be disobeying the Gods commands. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that the database system of Y has security hole, the manager is not listening, and the software programmer do not want to disobey his managers as well as Gods commands. Q4. Who is affected? All the three companies i.e. X, Y, and Z is affected. The software programmer is also affected. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? It is unethical and wrong code of conduct if company Z do not tell company X that their database is getting affected because of company Y. Company Y should also know about its database. Apart from this, if company Z only think about its business growth at the cost of others business it is against the ethical code of conducts. Q6. What can be done about it? The company Z should acknowledge company X and Y about the security threats and poles. Q7. What are the options? One of the options is to check the database of company Y and analyse the security pole and correct it. Other option is to break the agreement between company X and company Y. Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is to analyse company Ys database system and correct the security poles so that they do not affect the functionality of the software. In April 2014, Donald Sterling, then owner of the National Basketball Association (NBA)s San Diego Clippers, was accused of making racist remarks about African Americans. It turns out that Sterlings then (girl) friend, V. Stiviano, had recorded those remarks on an electronic device and then later decided to make them available to a wider audience. This incident received extensive media coverage in the United States and beyond. Many people were appalled by Sterlings remarks, and some also pointed out the irony in this incident, given that the majority of the players on his basketball team (who were largely responsible for generating income for Sterling) were African Americans. Shortly following the fallout from this controversy, Sterling was forced by the NBA to sell his team to a new owner. While most people agreed that Sterling should resign and be required to relinquish his NBA franchise, some were nevertheless troubled by the manner in which his remarks, which were made in confide nce to a close friend, were secretly recorded via a digital device and then (eventually) made available to the public. The practice of secretly recording someones private conversations is not exactly new; after all, law enforcement authorities have used wiring devices to trap suspected criminals into disclosing information that can lead to their arrests. But the idea that ordinary people, especially those in intimate relationships, can now so easily record conversations in deceptive ways via their tiny digital devices can seem chilling. For example, would this practice influence what intimate friends would be willing (or not willing) to say to each other in (supposed) confidence? Would it also alter our privacy expectations in the future with respect to conversations with romantic partners? Q1. What's going on? Donald Sterling who is the owner of National Basketball Association was accused of making racist comments on African American which had great media coverage. He was asked by NBA to sell his company. Few people supported him because it was a private conversation which was recorded and then made public. Q2. What are the facts? The facts include the recordings by a digital medium. Donald Sterling made such racist comments. Along with this, it is also against the laws to record someones private conversations in a deceptive way. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that he made such comments and secondly they were made public. Q4. Who is affected? Donald Sterling is affected along with his past girlfriend V.Stiviano. The other members of the team are also getting affected. The NBAs board of members and the African Americans are also in the list. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? The ethical issues are that it is purely unethical to record anyones private conversations in a deceptive way and then making it public. Only the law enforcement authorities can do it that too only for the criminals not for common people. Q6. What can be done about it? The recording should be considered invalid and strict law actions should be taken against V.Stiviano. Apart from this laws should be implemented to authenticate the privacy and confidentiality of common people. Q7. What are the options? First option is that Donald Sterling makes an apology on the media taking back his offensive words. The other way is taking legal actions on his girlfriend for accusing his confidentiality publicly by unethical means. After this, Donald Sterling can be suspended from his team for a while but he doesnt have to sell his team. Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is that he make a public apology stating that he take his words back. After that he should be suspended from a team for a short span of time. You are a computer programmer working for a small business that provides specialized financial services to local, mostly small businesses. You have been working for company X for about six months. Recently X has been occupied with reengineering the inventory system of a local hardware chain, ABC Hardware. The objective is to enable ABC to keep better track of their inventory, to be more responsive to changes in customer demand, and to adopt a just in time strategy to reduce inventory. Your supervisor calls you into his office. Do you know of any existing software products to help ABC keep better track of its inventory? You mention a particular product that you have worked with in another job and point out that ABC could use it without any modification. The only drawback, you point out, is that this software is somewhat expensive. Your supervisor leans back in his chair, puffs on his cigar and says, Thats no problem. We have that software. Why dont you just install it on ABCs computer s? You diplomatically indicate that this would violate the licensing agreement X has with the developers of the software. Do it anyway, your supervisor says. Nobodys going to find out, and ABC is a very important client. We need to do all we can to keep them happy. Q1. What's going on? The company X which provides specialized financial services to local now gets occupied with reengineering of the inventory system of ABC Hardware. ABC Hardware wants software which adopts just-in-time strategy and manages the inventory. The supervisor of company X asks the computer programmer to use the software of his old company. The computer programmer knows that it will violate the licensing agreement of X with the developers of the software. But the developer forces the computer programmer(Shafer-Landau, 2011). Q2. What are the facts? The facts are that using the software of the previous company will violate the licensing agreement of company X. The conversation between the supervisor and the computer programmer tells that the supervisor wants the software any which ways. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that the programmer cannot disobey the orders of his software. But if ABC Hardware uses that software it will be expensive for them. Q4. Who is affected? The computer programmer and his old company where thee software was used before will be affected. Along with this, ABC Hardware will be affected too as they will have to pay more. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? The supervisor asked to use the software in any condition. But the computer programmer knew that if he will do it this will violate the licensing agreement of company X with the developers of the software which is against the ethical code of conduct. Q6. What can be done about it? The company X can create its own software and can take ideas from the old software. Q7. What are the options? The supervisors of company X can take authenticate permission from the developers of the software to use their software. The computer programmer can suggest making new software in accordance with the old software(Moreland, 2016). Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is if the supervisor of company X takes permission i.e. signs an agreement with the developers of the software. By this method, they wont be violating the licensing agreement. They will not have to make new software. Analyse the above case study (i, ii, iii) using either two or four classical ethical theories. So, it is always from the four classical ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract. In case study 1, the software programmers follow the virtue ethics theory because he fined the way of doing the project unethical. He follows virtue moral values by himself. This theory also reflects the character of the programmer which is good. Along with this, utilitarianism theory is followed by the manager because he thinks that the actions he is taking are morally right until and unless the consequences are not known although he can easily predict the results(Foster, 2016). In case study 2, Donald Sterling follows the virtue ethical theory because it reflects his character about the African Americans. The way he feels about the people of his team and about other individuals. The contact theory is followed by his girlfriend because she recorded the conversation and made it public disrespecting the moral values and human rights(Vaughn, 2015). Deontology theory is also followed by his girlfriend because she thinks that whatever she done is right according to her irrespective of the consequences of his actions on Donald Sterling. In case study 3, the supervisor is forcing the programmer to use the software in any condition. Hence he follows deontology theory because he is not worried about the consequences and according to him this is the best way to provide good software to ABC Hardware. The programmer follows the virtue and contact theories because he is a person with a good character and he dont want to violate any rules. Secondly, according to the contact theory the programmer is following the basic laws and code of conduct of business and he know agreeing to the supervisor will violate the licensing agreement of the company with the developers of the software(Hailey, 2006). Over the years a number of systems have been developed which record coded information across a range of factors about disabilities in ethnic communities. A new coding convention has been developed to rationalise the inconsistent coding conventions of these legacy systems. The new coding convention uses codes which had different meanin gs in the legacy systems. This means that time series analysis gives inconsistent results, particularly showing both under and over reporting of numbers of particular disability categories. This is significant when making policies for people based on the size of the communities. To fix this would take a lot of work and expense, and management has decreed that historical systems will not be fixed, but new systems will all adopt the new coding convention. There are number of systems which records information on the basis of many factors in ethnic communities. Recently, a new coding convention is developed which resolves the different coding conventions used in the systems. The management announced that the historical systems do not have to use the new conventions but the old systems have to implement it(Chonko, 2016). The management followed deontology theory because they made decisions in accordance to the ethics of the individuals and the society. Utilitarianism theory is also followed because the new convention will be beneficial for everyone. Various professional codes of ethics are also followed, for example, the new code convention is respect and is shared by everyone. The work environment is created in a way that it gets easy for everyone to adapt the new coding convention system. The value of money is also taken into consideration and hence it has been announced that the old systems do not have to adopt the new coding convention. The new coding convention provides consistency in the working environment and it is respected. Along with this, there is a value of work and expense and hence the old systems do not have to adopt the new coding convention system(LaFollette Persson, 2013). A software development company has just produced a new software package that incorporates the new tax laws and figures taxes for both individuals and small businesses. The president of the company knows that the program has a number of bugs. He also believes the first firm to put this kind of software on the market is likely to capture the largest market share. The company widely advertises the program. When the company actually ships a CD, it includes a disclaimer of responsibility for errors resulting from the use of the program. The company expects it will receive a number of complaints, queries, and suggestions for modification. The company plans to use these to make changes and eventually issue updated, improved, and debugged versions. The president argues that this is general industry policy and that anyone who buys version 1.0 of a program knows this and will take proper precautions. Because of bugs, a number of users filed incorrect tax returns and were penalised by the ATO. The software company produced new software which includes the new tax laws and displays taxes for small business and individuals. It is in prior notice of the company that there are many bugs in the software. For the users, the company includes a disclaimer about the bugs. On the basis of feedbacks the company decides to update the bugs. But still the users who used this software filed incorrect tax return and hence were penalised by the ATO. The company has Utilitarianism ethical theory as they knew what will be the outcomes of using the software. Along with this, the virtue theory also comes in picture because it determines the behaviour of an individual. The company launched the software by mentioning the bugs which tells that they possess a good character. Professionally, the company respect the code of ethics of the customers and gave them clarity of the software. The company was also honest with the users(Hailey, 2006). Hence, it can easily be concluded that the companies software contains bugs but they have mentioned about the bugs to their audience. The company was honest to the users and also respected their result. But the outcome of the software was bad as the users filled incorrect returns and were penalised by the ATO. New Australian national security laws will permit hacking by its intelligence agencies and approve the retention of personal web and phone metadata. This will break new ground around the world and raise significant privacy concerns, privacy groups have warned. Discuss this scenario from an ethical and professional perspective and the implications these new laws will have for Australian citizens. The new Australian national security laws will allow hacking with the help of its intelligence departments this will help in retaining the personal data and the metadata. Because of these laws the privacy will be at high concern. These laws follows virtue ethical theories as it will reflect the behaviour of the people involved in the hacking. Along with this, the citizens rights will be followed on the highest priority(Blackstone Lewis, 2013). From professional perspective, this is wrong as it will put the citizens private data on risk. The laws will be violating the principles of the code of conduct of the citizens. Hence, all over the world this will raise significant privacy concerns for the citizens. References Blackstone, W. and Lewis, W. (1962).Commentaries on the laws of England. Boston: Beacon Press. Chonko, L. (2016).Ethical Theories. [online] Available at: https://www.dsef.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/EthicalTheories.pdf [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Foster, C. (2016).Software Licensing: What You Don't Know Can Hurt You | AllBusiness.com. [online] Available at: https://www.allbusiness.com/software-licensing-what-you-dont-know-can-hurt-you-15636003-1.html [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Hailey, K. (2006).Code of professional conduct. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers Judges Pub. Hooker, B. (2012).Developing deontology. Malden, MA: Wiley. LaFollette, H. and Persson, I. (2013).The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Moreland, J. (2016).Ethics Theories: Utilitarianism Vs. Deontological Ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.equip.org/article/ethics-theories-utilitarianism-vs-deontological-ethics/ [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Shafer-Landau, R. (2011).Ethical theory. Malden, MA [u.a.]: Blackwell. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues. New York: W.W. Norton Company.

What is an Expository Essay

An expository essay is a type of academic writing where you investigate the topic by evaluating the evidence and expounding the idea to describe, explain, and provide the information to a reader.source: UnsplashSo, it happens again: a teacher assigns an expository essay to you.Nothing special, right? After all, who doesnt know anything about expository writing?*sarcasm here* Types of essays are so many, and the differences between them are so tiny, that its less than simple for a student to get lost in those writing jungles. Thats why craft the detailed guides for you to find a way out: persuasive essays, narrative essays, SAT essays – they arent that terrible if you follow the right path of writing them.Today, the time is for how to write an expository essay. Take a cup of coffee or tea, sit back, and learn about what is an expository essay and its aspects.Table of Contents:What is an expository essay?Expository essay topicsTypes of expository essaysExpository essay structur eHow to write an expository essayThe purpose of expository essay Expository essay outline (+ POET method)How to start an expository essayHow to end an expository essayBenefits of expository writingThe process of expository writingPrewritingDraftingRevisingEditingWriting tips to followExpository essay examplesAdditional resources to checkWhat is an Expository Essay?When asked to define expository essay, its significant to understand the characteristics of this essay type and its difference from argumentative and reflective papers.Here goes a standard expository essay definition:An expository essay is a type of paper where an author chooses a topic, investigates it by evaluating the evidence, and expound it to inform readers about it.So, as you see, the expository definition is not that tricky to remember. The characteristics of your expository essay are as follows:You write it to teach readers about the topic.You describe and explain facts on the topic to inform readers.You provide t he exhaustive information on the topic.You write it in the 3rd person, with a formal language, and in a precise, logical manner.To write an A-worthy expository essay, youll need to do deep research to provide readers with insights on the topic. As an author, you cant take any side or develop any arguments here: your goal is to inform and explain.Expository Essay TopicsExpository essay topics can come from different spheres. As a rule, teachers assign a definite topic and give further requirements on writing about it; but if not, students are free to choose from topics of their interest.You can write about education, health, law, movies, science, politics, social media, wars, history, etc. Just make sure you choose something you know about (its easier to research) and can explain it to readers.Think of topics that might attract your audience and meet the requirements of your teacher. Avoid too general topics; narrow your research sphere, be specific, and make your expository essay cl ear and concise.Here go some topic ideas for your inspiration. Feel free to choose any of them if they fit your assignment or ask writers to assist you.ElementaryExpository Essay Topics for BeginnersMy favorite music is rock: heres why.Lets give better protection to endangered species.This is my favorite country on Earth, and you should visit it.These are the benefits of going to the gym.Why a family is so important to have.If I could be another person for a day, youd choose Einstein.How science helps us live more.This one thing is what Id change about my school.Its better to live in a city than in the countryside.Why I want to have a dog, not a cat.Intermediate Expository Essay Topics for IntermediatesWhat I would do if became immortal.Do people need to be independent?The #1 secret of every successful person.Some practical advice to tackle bullying in schools.The science behind love: how we need to understand this feeling.Why weight-loss diets dont work as often as we want.The ban king system is killing economic growth.The book that has changed my worldview.How social media help students pass exams.Emotions help people overcome difficulties.Advanced Expository Essay Topics for IntermediatesWhat makes a great leader and why not everyone can be the one.Where to invest money after college, and why.The effect of privacy laws on Internet users.Minimizing the negative influence of media on our lives.The reasons of terrorism in modern times.The best alternative source of energy in the world of climate changes.Why its not dangerous to play video games for hours.Why do women stay in abusive relationships?How I cured my depression, and why it can back any time.Dropping out of college: a choice or a mistake?Types of Expository EssaysYes, its about types of essays within an expository essay. They are five:Definition (descriptive) essays: they give information by explaining the meaning of a word or a concept. Here you tell readers about places, situations, or experience c oncerning the concept.Classification essays: they break down a broad topic into categories. Here you start an expository essay with the general subject and then define and give examples of each subgroup within it.Cause/effect essays: they explain the cause of something and how things affect each other within the concept. Here you identify the relations between two subjects, focus on what happened between them, and tell about the effect of that interaction.Compare/contrast essays: they describe the similarities and differences between two or more concepts, places, people, etc.Process essays: they explain a step-by-step process of something, its procedure, or how to do it. Your goal here is to give instructions to readers. Sometimes, this type of expository essays is called a problem/solution essay: you describe a problem and then tell readers how to solve it.So, you can describe, explain, compare, tell about the process, or solve a problem in your essay. But before you choose, make s ure you understand what is expository writing and what differs it from persuasive (argumentative) essays.For many students, these essay types are the same. But its not so: while argumentative essays convince readers of your position or point of view, expository essays just tell about the issue and share the facts and evidence about it.Lets compare:The difference between persuasive and expository essaysPersuasiveExpositoryChoose a position/point of view about a topicExplore a topic in a neutral wayPresent your argument in a thesis statementPresent your topic in a thesis statementWrite in the 1st personWrite in the 3d personBe subjectiveBe objectiveExpository Essay StructureOnce youve decided on the topic and type, its time to think of expository essay structure.As well as all common types of essays, expository ones consist of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Usually, there are three paragraphs in an essay body, but you are welcome to change this number according to your topic and teacher requirements.An expository essay structure includes:A clear thesis statement in the first paragraph.Logical transitions between all paragraphs.Factual and logical evidence in body paragraphs.A conclusion that restates a thesis and readdresses it in the list of provided evidence.A pinch of creativity to impress readers.Expository Essay StructureSo, what to write in each part of your expository essay:Introduction: start it with a general statement about the topic, but do your best to hook the audience so they would like to continue reading; provide the context for the audience to understand your topic; and state a thesis for the audience to understand what you are going to expose in the essay.Body paragraphs: start with the main idea of the paragraph; include the evidence (facts, statistics, quotes, interviews, etc.) to support the idea; analyze the evidence: explain why you choose this particular information to support your thesis; complete each paragraph with a logical transition to the next one.Conclusion: overview the ideas you discussed in your essay and highlight the progression of your thoughts on it; restate your thesis and leave readers with food for thought.How to Write an Expository EssayAn expository essay is about research and informing a reader about an issue, a point of view, or a fact. To get the idea on how to write an expository essay, you need to understand its purpose and follow the steps of academic writing. The Purpose of Expository EssayWhat is the purpose of expository essay?In plain English, an expository essay explains a topic. You are just stating facts, no matter if you write a how-to paper or tell about the history of China or the cost of essays for students.Such essays are not about what you think about a topic. You inform readers, explaining it through investigation and argumentation in a logical manner.Use the POET method to organize your expository essay like a poss:Expository Essay OutlineBefore you sit a nd start an expository essay, write its plan. Its a kinda map that allows you to specify core elements of your essay and make sure you dont miss any fact or evidence while writing.Just write a sentence for each element of your essay to save time and ease the writing process. Feel free to use this expository essay outline template from :[Download this template]Fill it in – and you are ready to start writing your expository essay! How to Start an Expository EssayIts the most common question among students. Frankly speaking, it can lead to a writers block and procrastination: you sit, staring at a blank page, and cant find any words to start a sentence. It frustrates. It upsets. And it disappoints: you give up, postpone, and lose interest in writingWe wrote about how to start a persuasive essay already. As for how to start an expository essay, the elements of introduction will be the same but with the only difference: you wont argue about anything. Instead, youll be objective ab out the topic.And now, for the structure of your introductory paragraph. It consists of:An attention-grabbing hook: one sentence.Information about your topic, to give the context to your readers: 2-3 sentences.A thesis statement: one sentence about what you are going to write about.Expository Essay StructureTIP: Try writing an introduction after youve finished the draft of the essay body. Thus youll have all the points and evidence fresh in your mind, and youll be able to extract the thesis and decide on the best hook to start an expository essay. How to End an Expository EssayTogether with an introduction, a strong conclusion is critical for expository essays to have. It ties up the entire essay, wrapping up its thesis for readers and leaving them with thoughts on its topic.source: GiphyThink about a minimum of three sentences to write in your conclusion. And remember that you shouldnt simply restate your thesis here: dont repeat your thesis statement from the introduction but expl ain how the information from the essay body helped to come up to this conclusion.Your essay conclusion is the answer to what you discussed in the essay body. Dont introduce any new points to readers, and end your expository essay on a positive: give the audience something to remember your essay, and leave them with something to think about.Points to remember when writing an essay conclusion:Stay clear.Conclude the thoughts, not present new ideas.Restate the thesis and explain how your essay exposes it.Be objective, use straightforward language.Make sure it consists of three sentences minimum: sum up (1), answer the questions from your thesis (1-3), give readers the food for thought (1).Benefits of Expository WritingThats all well and good, butWhy the heck you need to spend time and energy on expository writing?Nope, its not because teachers hate you and want you to get buried in tons of homework. Its because expository essays help you develop some valuable skills youll need in the y ears since school is over. Below are the benefits you gain:Research and evaluating the information: In the Internet era, when tons of information is online, and its hard to understand whats true or false, this skill is more than crucial to have. Expository essays are about research, so the more you do it, the more skillful you become. You learn to evaluate the information, check if its relevant and trustful, and understand whats fake online.Critical thinking: In expository essays, you often need to evaluate the issue and approach to it from different angles. It develops your critical thinking, a must-have skill for each representative of Gen Z to have today.Ability to express your thoughts briefly and clearly: You need to gather tons of information for your expository essay but stay coherent when describing it. Thus you learn to express yourself and share your thoughts with others.Time management and organizational skills: Expository writing teaches you to organize thoughts and expr ess them logically. Its all about organizational skills we all need to develop and improve in adult life. Practice makes perfect, so youll learn how to manage time and organize your tasks. Not bad, huh?The Process of Expository WritingWhen writing an expository essay, youll follow at least four steps: prewriting (brainstorming, research, outlining), drafting (writing an introduction, a body, and a conclusion of your essay), revising (checking all factual and grammar/spelling mistakes), and editing.Yes, the process seems energy-sapping. But nothing is as bad as it looks.Here it goes, the process of your expository writing: Step 1 – PrewritingThis phase is when you brainstorm a topic (if a teacher didnt assign it beforehand), state a thesis, and do research to outline an expository essay before writing it.How to choose the best topic for your expository essay?Think of niches you already know something about. Make a list of topics that might be interesting for you, and you feel you might tell about to readers. Then, narrow it down to one that would be easiest for you to find research.When choosing, answer these questions:Is it interesting to you?Do you have any previous knowledge about this topic?Is it easy to find credible references for it?Can you explain this topic (issue) to the reader?Once the topic is ready, its time for research. Dont skip this step, even if you think you know a lot about the topic of your expository essay: youll need references anyway; plus, youll learn more details and discover new things about your topic to include to your writing.You need research to find examples for your essay, know what you will write in every paragraph, and state a thesis.Whats a thesis?Its the heart of your essay, and no teacher will grade your paper high if it doesnt have any thesis statement inside. In short, its a sentence in the introduction of your essay that identifies the main idea or a central purpose of your text.For most students, a thesis is the most challenging part of an essay to write. Thats why so many free essay generators are online now, and thats why thesis statement generators are so popular. Feel free to try ours:source: GiphyNB! A thesis is not a mere fact or statement. Its a claim, an idea, or an interpretation one can dispute. Your job as an essay writer is to give readers something they could think about. Example:Bad thesis: British indifference caused the American Revolution.Good thesis: By treating their U.S. colonies as little more than a source of revenue and limiting colonists political rights, British indifference contributed to the start of the American Revolution. (Source)Write down a thesis statement to the outline, with the researched info and examples. Now you are ready to start drafting. Step 2 – DraftingWhen the thesis and outline are ready, start writing your essay. Drafting each paragraph, refer to the thesis statement so you wouldnt miss any points. Use transition words in every paragraph to reinforce the message, support facts, and make it easier for readers to follow your train of thoughts.Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence to introduce what it will be about. Develop the idea and present the evidence in every paragraphTips for writing body paragraphs of your expository essay:Provide facts that will help readers get to the point.Avoid biased information, use straightforward language: short and clear words, active verbs, and appropriate adverbs.Choose evidence that would be the most telling example for your thesis.Step 3 – RevisingThis is a phase when you review your draft and reorganize, if necessary, for it to look and sound better.What to check when revising your expository essay:Revising Your Expository Essay: Questions to Answer Does it give an unbiased analysis of facts and examples? Do you communicate the information logically and clearly? Are there any unnecessary details you could omit for the essay to sound more focused? Are all sen tences clear? Is the word choice precise? Do you use logical transitions between sentences and paragraphs for readers to understand the information better? Do you restate the thesis and supporting ideas in the concluding paragraph of your essay?Step 4 – EditingThe final step of writing an expository essay is its editing. Read it once again to check for grammar and spelling mistakes, improve its style and clarity, and make sure its engaging for readers to check.You can ask a friend to read your essay and share advice on its editing.You can read the essay out loud: this trick helps to identify phrases and grammar constructions that sound weird.You can try some online tools to check the grammar and spelling of your expository essay: Hemingway App, Grammarly, After the Deadline, Ginger, and others.You can ask a professional editor to check your essay and give feedback on what to improve there.And only after you are 100% sure the essay looks great, submit it for a teachers revi ew and wait for your A+. Writing Tips to FollowFor expository essays, you need to investigate a topic inside out and report the facts, regardless of what you think about them. Follow these expository essay tips – and your paper will rock!Think about an eye-catching headline for your essay, but make sure it has something to do with your thesis statement.Research your topic, even if you think you know it well.Use reputable resources for evidence and references: studies, academic journals, educational resources, official figures, etc.Inform, share facts, but avoid writing about what you think about the topic.Use clear and concise language, avoid biased information.Organize facts logically, so it would be easier for readers to follow the information.Write in the 3rd person. If describing a process or an activity, the 2nd person is okay to use too.Avoid vague language, prioritize quality over quantity: introduce top facts and evidence only.Write sentences of different length for b etter rhythm.Use transition words to move between paragraphs.Write your first draft a few days before the deadline, and wait a day or two before revising and editing it. Thus youll have a chance to look at your writing from a fresh perspective.Read your expository essay out loud to notice its weak points or strange grammar constructions to revise.Ask a friend to read your essay and tell if you need to edit something.And last but not least:Remember about the difference between argumentative and expository essays. Dont persuade readers of your opinion. Tell about the topic, share facts and evidence, and let readers be the judge of that.Expository Essay ExamplesAre there any examples of what a great expository essay looks? Samples are many, and youll have no difficulty to find them in Google.But remember:All those expository essay examples are for assistance purposes only. You cant take and copy them to use in own papers. After all, you know what happens to students who plagiarize in a cademia and infringe copyrights, dont you?source: GiphyAdditional Resources to CheckDevelop Expository Writing SkillsExpository Essay, Step by Step100 Expository Essay Topic IdeasHow to Plan Write an Expository Essay (Video)Expository Essays: Types, Characteristics Examples

Technology has improved the music industry in 3 main areas essays

Technology has improved the music industry in 3 main areas essays A certainly emerging trend in the music industry is the way technology has improved it so drastically. In the past, for instance, vinyl records were very popular and is the premium medium for music distribution because it has far more superior audio quality than its predecessor, the audio tape cassette. After a couple of years, the music industry saw its first compact disc or CD. It was a giant leap for music technology. The CD featured digitally encoded signals, far more accurate and better than the analogue vinyl. This ultimately resulted in more capabilities and diversity in music. We can see that technology has improved the music industry in three areas: instrumental, auditory and distribution advancements. The three main aspects where technology has made significant improvements are instruments, audio techniques and methodologies and music distribution and copyright. Examples of the way technology has affected the different aspects are countless. Some examples are illustrated here. Musical instruments, firstly, has been greatly influenced by technology. The early English organ, that used manual valves to control sound production is now replaced with electronic circuitry. This circuit is preprogrammed to tell the valves to release enough air to produce a certain tone. Early organs depend on how much pressure the organist applies to the keys and after much playing of the organ, the slight inaccuracies of the instrument will result in misaligned tonal sounds. Thus, the circuitry completely eliminates the need to tune the instrument regularly and ensures accurate reproduction of sound all the time. The Germany-manufactured pipe organ that sits in Singapores Esplanade arts centre, is an application of electronic technology in organs. The wind instrument is the largest and most advanced in South-East Asia (Rachel, 2004, p. 29). Computer chips that h ave been integrated into the pipe organ provides a wider r ...

How to Spot the Pegasus Constellation

How to Spot the Pegasus Constellation Stargazers looking for an easy-to-spot star pattern cant go wrong with the constellation Pegasus, the Winged Horse. Although Pegasus doesnt exactly look like a horse- more like a box with legs attached- its shape is so easily recognizable that its hard to miss. Finding Pegasus Pegasus is best spotted on dark nights beginning in late September and early October. Its not far from W-shaped Cassiopeia and lies just above Aquarius. Cygnus the Swan is not too far away, either. Look for a group of stars in the shape of a box, with several lines of stars extending out from the corners. One of those lines marks the Andromeda constellation.   Pegasus is one of three northern hemisphere autumn constellations that are easy to spot. It contains the globular cluster M14. Carolyn Collins Petersen Stargazers looking for the Andromeda Galaxy can use Pegasus as a guide. Some like to think of it as a baseball diamond, with the bright star Alpheratz as the first base mound. A batter hits a ball, runs to first base, but instead of going to second base, runs up the first base foul line until they run into the star Mirach (in Andromeda). They turn right to run into the stands, and before long, they run right into the Andromeda Galaxy.   The Story of Pegasus Pegasus the Winged Horse has a long history with stargazers. The name we use today comes from ancient Greek myths about a flying steed with mystical powers. Before the Greeks were telling tales of Pegasus, ancient Babylonian mystics called the star pattern IKU, meaning field. The ancient Chinese, meanwhile, saw the constellation as a giant black tortoise, while indigenous people of Guyana saw it as a barbecue. The Stars of Pegasus Twelve bright stars make up the outline of Pegasus, plus numerous others in the official IAU chart of the constellation. The brightest star in Pegasus is called Enif, or ÃŽ µ Pegasi. There are brighter stars than this one, such as Markab (alpha Pegasi), and of course Alpheratz. The stars that make up the Great Square of Pegasus form an unofficial pattern called an asterism. The Great Square is one of several such patterns that amateur astronomers use as they find their way around the night sky. The official IAU chart of the constellation Pegasus shows its brighter stars plus numerous others. It also shows a few deepsky objects, such as M15 and the Andromeda Galaxy. IAU/Sky Telescope   Enif, which can be seen as the muzzle of the horse, is an orange supergiant that lies nearly 700 light-years from us. It is a variable star, which means that it varies its brightness over time, mostly in an irregular pattern. Interestingly, some of the stars in Pegasus have planetary systems (called exoplanets) orbiting them. The famous 51 Pegasi (which lies on a line in the box) is a Sun-like star that was found to have planets, including a hot Jupiter.   Deep Sky Objects in Pegasus Constellation Although Pegasus is one of the largest constellations, it doesnt have a lot of easily-spotted deep-sky objects. The best object to spot is the globular cluster M15. M15 is a spherically shaped collection of stars bound together by mutual gravitational attraction. It lies just off the horses muzzle and contains stars that are at least 12 billion years old. M15 is about 33,000 light-years away from Earth and contains more than 100,000 stars. Its almost possible to see M15 with the naked eye, but only under very dark conditions. How to find the globular cluster M15. Carolyn Collins Petersen The best way to view M15 is through binoculars or a good backyard telescope.  It will look like a fuzzy smudge, but a good telescope or an image will reveal much more detail. An amateur view of M15 through a backyard-type telescope. Hunter Wilson/Wikimedia Commons The stars in M15 are so tightly packed together that even the Hubble Space Telescope, with its eye for detail, cannot make out individual stars at the core of the cluster. Currently, scientists use radio telescopes to find X-ray sources in the cluster. At least one of the sources is a so-called X-ray binary: a pair of objects that are giving off X-rays.   A Hubble Space Telscope view of the central region of globular cluster M15, which is so densely packed with stars that HST has trouble spying out individual ones. NASA/ESA/STScI Far beyond the limits of backyard telescopes, astronomers are also studying galaxy clusters in the direction of the Pegasus constellation, as well as the gravitationally-lensed object called the Einstein Cross. The Einstein Cross is an illusion formed by the gravitational influence of light from a distant quasar that passes by a galaxy cluster. The effect bends the light and ultimately causes four images of the quasar to appear. The name Einstein Cross comes from the cross-like shape of the images and the famous physicist Albert Einstein. He predicted that gravity affects space-time and that gravity could bend the path of light that passes near a massive object (or collection of objects).  That phenomenon is called a gravitational lens.

How to Spot the Pegasus Constellation

How to Spot the Pegasus Constellation Stargazers looking for an easy-to-spot star pattern cant go wrong with the constellation Pegasus, the Winged Horse. Although Pegasus doesnt exactly look like a horse- more like a box with legs attached- its shape is so easily recognizable that its hard to miss. Finding Pegasus Pegasus is best spotted on dark nights beginning in late September and early October. Its not far from W-shaped Cassiopeia and lies just above Aquarius. Cygnus the Swan is not too far away, either. Look for a group of stars in the shape of a box, with several lines of stars extending out from the corners. One of those lines marks the Andromeda constellation.   Pegasus is one of three northern hemisphere autumn constellations that are easy to spot. It contains the globular cluster M14. Carolyn Collins Petersen Stargazers looking for the Andromeda Galaxy can use Pegasus as a guide. Some like to think of it as a baseball diamond, with the bright star Alpheratz as the first base mound. A batter hits a ball, runs to first base, but instead of going to second base, runs up the first base foul line until they run into the star Mirach (in Andromeda). They turn right to run into the stands, and before long, they run right into the Andromeda Galaxy.   The Story of Pegasus Pegasus the Winged Horse has a long history with stargazers. The name we use today comes from ancient Greek myths about a flying steed with mystical powers. Before the Greeks were telling tales of Pegasus, ancient Babylonian mystics called the star pattern IKU, meaning field. The ancient Chinese, meanwhile, saw the constellation as a giant black tortoise, while indigenous people of Guyana saw it as a barbecue. The Stars of Pegasus Twelve bright stars make up the outline of Pegasus, plus numerous others in the official IAU chart of the constellation. The brightest star in Pegasus is called Enif, or ÃŽ µ Pegasi. There are brighter stars than this one, such as Markab (alpha Pegasi), and of course Alpheratz. The stars that make up the Great Square of Pegasus form an unofficial pattern called an asterism. The Great Square is one of several such patterns that amateur astronomers use as they find their way around the night sky. The official IAU chart of the constellation Pegasus shows its brighter stars plus numerous others. It also shows a few deepsky objects, such as M15 and the Andromeda Galaxy. IAU/Sky Telescope   Enif, which can be seen as the muzzle of the horse, is an orange supergiant that lies nearly 700 light-years from us. It is a variable star, which means that it varies its brightness over time, mostly in an irregular pattern. Interestingly, some of the stars in Pegasus have planetary systems (called exoplanets) orbiting them. The famous 51 Pegasi (which lies on a line in the box) is a Sun-like star that was found to have planets, including a hot Jupiter.   Deep Sky Objects in Pegasus Constellation Although Pegasus is one of the largest constellations, it doesnt have a lot of easily-spotted deep-sky objects. The best object to spot is the globular cluster M15. M15 is a spherically shaped collection of stars bound together by mutual gravitational attraction. It lies just off the horses muzzle and contains stars that are at least 12 billion years old. M15 is about 33,000 light-years away from Earth and contains more than 100,000 stars. Its almost possible to see M15 with the naked eye, but only under very dark conditions. How to find the globular cluster M15. Carolyn Collins Petersen The best way to view M15 is through binoculars or a good backyard telescope.  It will look like a fuzzy smudge, but a good telescope or an image will reveal much more detail. An amateur view of M15 through a backyard-type telescope. Hunter Wilson/Wikimedia Commons The stars in M15 are so tightly packed together that even the Hubble Space Telescope, with its eye for detail, cannot make out individual stars at the core of the cluster. Currently, scientists use radio telescopes to find X-ray sources in the cluster. At least one of the sources is a so-called X-ray binary: a pair of objects that are giving off X-rays.   A Hubble Space Telscope view of the central region of globular cluster M15, which is so densely packed with stars that HST has trouble spying out individual ones. NASA/ESA/STScI Far beyond the limits of backyard telescopes, astronomers are also studying galaxy clusters in the direction of the Pegasus constellation, as well as the gravitationally-lensed object called the Einstein Cross. The Einstein Cross is an illusion formed by the gravitational influence of light from a distant quasar that passes by a galaxy cluster. The effect bends the light and ultimately causes four images of the quasar to appear. The name Einstein Cross comes from the cross-like shape of the images and the famous physicist Albert Einstein. He predicted that gravity affects space-time and that gravity could bend the path of light that passes near a massive object (or collection of objects).  That phenomenon is called a gravitational lens.

Teacher Professional Competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Teacher Professional Competencies - Essay Example Moreover, a cooperative staff could also help each other in reducing their weaknesses and improving their competencies by providing each other with constructive criticism. In this regard, effective communication is very important. The artifact shows a regular bi-monthly round table staff meeting where all the staff members meet to discuss ongoing problems, progress, and future plans. The artifact shows that the whole staff is cooperative and communicates effectively. A bi-monthly staff meeting gives all the team members an opportunity to provide constructive criticism, feedback, and discuss future plan of action. Moreover, teachers with the same students with particular weaknesses can form a single strategy to help each other and the student. The meeting provides a platform to discuss ideas, apprehensions, and suggestions. Communication helps close gaps between team members and clears any misunderstandings that may arise in the absence of it. A regular staff meeting provides a platform for friendly communication. None of the teachers would feel threatened or insulted which they would feel if the meeting was called specifically for a particular

Sustainability in global business-Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Essay

Sustainability in global business-Meeting the Challenge of Sustainable Business - Essay Example The human interactions that are pre-industrial with the natural system and the social system usually cause changes to the short-term and local scale. The present socio-ecological interactions are generating a wide spread in the global changes with changes that are temporary and far into the future. The harmful consequences that we face because of human forcing on the ecological and social systems may never find the solution required through single issues like solving the global poverty or resource efficiency (Blowfield, 2012, p. 18). The current processes and the societal structures are structured in a manner that they contribute systematically to the current directions that are unsustainable and causing the people to face the difficulty to inspire global unity around safeguarding the probabilities of the future options. The development of sustainability signifies the increase of the people’s room for maneuver. This requires an approach that is systematic in solving of problems and the strategic planning by identifying control for restoration in both ecological and human (Stoner and Wankel, 2010, p. 32). Many organizations are adopting policies and practices that are sustainable and they integrate them with the strategies in their organizations for the purpose of organization development (Schmidheiny, 1992, p. 214). Research has indicated that that most of the changes in the organizations efforts plateau after the initial period Research has of passion and was not able to become an integrated and sustained approach to the planning strategies and development. It is determined that changes that are unstained can be related to the current disclosure on the developments that are sustainable and focuses on the establishment of the evolving technology and instrumental policies such as what to do (Blowfield, 2012, p. 58). A complementary research

Ethical Health Care Issues Essay Example for Free

Ethical Health Care Issues Essay According to Women’s Health Resource (2011) â€Å"breast cancer is a serious issue that will affect almost every women worldwide, either directly as someone diagnosed with cancer, or indirectly through the illness of a loved one†( Home, para. 1). In the United States breast cancer is the found in women in their early twenties and thirties. These individuals are more prone to breast cancer because she has a family history of breast cancer. In 2006, approximately 212, 920 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). The case scenario below will discuss ethical and legal issues regarding a female patient with breast cancer, which refuses treatment for breast cancer. Additionally, the scenario will cover the following four ethical principles: respect for persons/autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence that relates to the case scenario (Bishop, 2003). Case Scenario A 25-year-old female patient made an appointment with her primary care physician because she discovered a lump on her breast. She went to her appointment with her primary care physician the following day. The physician examined her breast and discovered a lump on her breast, so he made a referral for her to see an oncologist in which can diagnose her if she has breast cancer. An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment cancer (The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation, 2009). The following are the three main types of oncologist: medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and surgical oncologist, which can practice in hospitals and research centers. The female patient can make an appointment with the oncologist in which he will inform about her condition and different types of treatments available to her in which can reduce her chance of death as well conduct a biopsy. The biopsy will determine if she has breast cancer. The ethical issues are very clear, and they are respect for autonomy and beneficence. Additionally, the legal or ethical principles involved with breast cancer are no different from any other medical  treatment/intervention. Autonomy and Informed Consent As stated by Bishop (2003), â€Å"respect for persons/autonomy is that a physician acknowledges a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and take actions based on personal values, and beliefs† (p. 7). In order for an adult to refuse treatment, he or she must be legally and mentally capable by meeting the following criteria: 18 years or older, understands the nature of the condition, and voluntary. Additionally, parents with children under the age of 18 have the right to consent to treatment as well refusing treatment for his or her child. As recognized by Miller et al. (2000), physicians have a moral and legal obligation to comply with a patient’s voluntary, informed refusal of life sustaining treatment, regardless of a physician judgment concerning the medical or moral appropriateness of this. In the case of the 25-year-old female patient with breast cancer she rejected medical treatment and was informed by the oncologist about the terminal illness. Death is seen as failure, rather than an important part of life (Smith, 2000). A conflict can arise with the patient because of the decision she made about not receiving care, which can likely end her life. The oncologist is obligated to inform or educate the patient about breast cancer, benefits of treatments, and risks involved with no treatment. The following are treatment options for cancer patients: lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical reconstruction (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). Although a physician can suggest benefits of any type of treatment the patient has the freedom to choose if he or she wants the treatment as well as ensuring the patient understand his or her own condition. When a patient refuses treatment for breast cancer or any medical condition, the issue of autonomy becomes difficult because of the serious health consequences. The health care professional will offer the patient different options for treatment when this occurs. As stated before the physician should consult with the patient about his or her decision because nurses have ethics and codes of conduct in which he or she must follow. Nurses must care for patients while taking care of him or her as  well as respecting and supporting the patient rights to decline treatment at anytime (Stringer, 2009). Medical professionals should respect the autonomy of patient decisions because it is a critical in the health care industry. Beneficence Rosenthal (2006), the principle of beneficence means that the health care provider must promote the well-being of patients and avoid harm them. Once a patient refuses treatment the health care professional must communicate the harm associated with no treatment for his or her condition. This can play a major role in how beneficence and maleficence is judged. When a patient has breast cancer and refuses treatment there is not another alternative option for the patient. During this principle the health care professional should ensure that he or she is maximizing possible benefits for the patients and minimizing harm when dealing with treatments. The health care professional can suggest certain treatments but the patient does not have to receive any care for his or her condition. When this occurs the physician will focus on different conflict resolutions for the care as well as services. A health care professional job is to offer quality of care to the patient in which he or she will ben efit from the medical treatment. During this principle, the health care professional will act with compassion when informing the patient about the potential benefits and risks for any medical condition. A patient is reliant upon the health care professional for someone who is caring and willing to share in the responsibility as well as treating him or her with dignity and respect. The 25-year-old female does not want treatment in which makes it hard for the oncologist to provide quality of care during the consultation and care. Non-maleficence Rosenthal (2006), during this principle, the health care provider ought to strive not to inflict harm to a patient, a requirement also seen as a duty not to refrain from aiding a patient. In addition, this principle will coincide with beneficence because it is reducing the harm to any patient  although a patient refuses care/treatment. The health care professional is obligated to help the patients to the best of his or her ability by providing benefits, protecting the patient’s interest, and promoting welfare. Additionally, how, and what the health care professional does for a patient should have greater chance of benefiting the patient than harming the patient. This is done by risk benefit analyses, where the health care professional can conduct research on the condition and different medications. The health care professional should explain any side effects for treatments as well as medications that the patient will become knowledgeable about options for his or her conditio n. Justice The principle of justice means to treat others equitably, distribute benefits/burdens fairly (Bishop, 2003). In addition, it is very important for the health care professional to keep a patient informed about treatments and he or she should not provide misinformation to the patient. A major issue with this principle is economic barriers can interfere with a patient when trying to receive treatment and medication. The health care organization is required to provide services/care to a patient regardless of health care coverage, especially the uninsured In addition, the department should that all patients are treated equally regardless of age, race, and ethnicity. Additionally, this principle will focus on justice, which will provide care/treatment regardless of the patient demographics or ethical issues he or she encounters with the health care professional. During this principle, the patient is treated with dignity and respect even though he or she refused care/treatment for any medic al condition. Conclusion Refusal of care is one of the most common ethical dilemmas in the health care industry, which is often difficult to resolve when his or her well-being is threaten. The health care professional must determine, which aspects of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence a patient want before providing care. Administrators within a medical facility must  examine the following underlying issues: competence of a patient, the distinction between apparent, and real refusal of care (Michels, 1981). A physician has the legal duty to provide and ensure the patient with sufficient information about treatment and care when he or she is at the facility. Additionally, an ethical dilemma will exist because of a patient’s right will conflict with a physician obligation of providing quality of care to an individual. This was the case with the 25-year-old female with breast cancer. References Bishop, L. (2003). Ethics Background. Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Retrieved on June 8, 2011 from: http://www.nwabr.org/education/pdfs/PRIMER/Background.pdf Michels, R. (1981). The Right to Refuse Treatment: Ethical Issues. American Psychiatric Association, 32(1), 251-255. Miller, F., Fins, J., Snyder, L. (2000). Assisted suicide compared with refusal of treatment: a valid distinction?.Annals of Internal Medicine, 132(6), 470-475. Rosenthal, S. M. (2006). Patient Misconceptions and Ethical Challenges in Radioactive Iodine Scanning and Therapy. Journal if Nuclear Medicine Technology, 34( 3), 143-150. Smith, R. (2000). A good death: an important aim for health services and for us all. . British Medical Journal, 320(7228), 129-130. Stringer, S. (2009). Ethical issues involved in patient refusal of life-saving treatment. Cancer Nursing Practice, 8(3), 30-33. The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation . (2009). What is an Oncologist? Retrieved June 17, 2011 from http://www.tdrbcf.org/oncologist/index.html Womens Health Resource. (2011). Breast Cancer. Retrieved on June 17, 2011 from http://www.wdxcyber.com/breast_home.html

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Maslow ¡Ã‚ ¯s hierarchy of needs theory Abraham Maslow is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, blocking gratification makes us sick or evil. In other words, we are all "needs junkies" with cravings that must be satisfied and should be satisfied. Else, we become sick. A figure of Maslow ¡Ã‚ ¯s hirerarchy of needs model has shown as follows: Æ’8 ¡5 Physiological Needs Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things. Æ’8 ¡5 Safety Needs Safety needs have to do with establishing stability and consistency in a chaotic world. These needs are mostly psychological in nature. We need the security of a home and family. However, if a family is dysfunction, i.e., an abusive husband, the wife cannot move to the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is no longer cringing in fear. Many in our society cry out for law and order because they do not feel safe enough to go for a walk in their neighborhood. Many people, particularly those in the inner cities, unfortunately, are stuck at this level. In addition, safety needs sometimes motivate people to be religious. Religions comfort us with the promise of a safe secure place after we die and leave the insecurity of this world. Æ’8 ¡5 Love Needs Love and belongingness are next on the ladder. Humans have a desire to belong to groups: clubs, work groups, religious groups, family, gangs, etc. We need to feel loved (non-sexual) by others, to be accepted by others. Performers appreciate applause. We need to be needed. Beer commercials, in addition to playing on sex, also often show how beer makes for camaraderie. When was the last time you saw a beer commercial with someone drinking beer alone?

Philosophy & Husserl on intersubjectivity Essay

According to Husserl, inter subjective experience plays a vital role in the constitution of the self as subjects that exist objectively, other experiencing object and the objective world governed by space and time. That’s why transcendental phenomenology tries to reconstruct the basic rational structures that enable constitutive achievements. From a first person perspective, intersubjectivity occurs when people undergo acts of empathy because an intersubjective experience is highly empathetic. This is because it occurs in the course of person’s consciousness and conscious attribution of acts that are intentional and directed towards other subjects. This is happens when people put themselves in the shoes of others and studying this experience suing a phenomenological attitude calls for bracketing of beliefs in the existence of the very targets of a persons acts ascription through the experiencing subject and ask questions whether internal beliefs justify our underlying intersubjective experience (Carrs, 1999) . Therefore it takes phenomenal investigation to expose these beliefs which are usually unconscious when the world is experienced in the natural attitude. One of the fundamental beliefs the Husserl uncovered is the expectation that any being that resembles and has similar mannerisms as myself always displays traits that are also familiar with mine which means that perception will be from an egocentric perspective. This means a person would look at another and the things the other one does from their own perspective allowing them to go into other persons shoes and this beliefs lets one to ascribe intentional acts to others instantly without drawing an external inference or making an analogy to ones case. This means that the belief in question must be in tandem with the personal belief system because it forms part of the pre-given intentional background which is also referred to as the life word. It is this life world that forms a basis where all acts ascriptions and all constuitive achievements tend to make sense initially before they get the ultimate justification. Husserl’s perception of the life world may be quite difficult but it is also very important. This perception can be approached in two different ways which are very compatible. It can be thought in terms of belief and in terms of things like senses which are culturally or socially established. Restricting ourselves to just one experience as a subject can make the lifeworld look like a rational structure that underlies a natural attitude which means that if the subject’s lifeworld has beliefs against which they base their every day attitude towards themselves, it is the objective world that receives the utmost justification. However, in principle, the beliefs that form a subject’s lifeworld are not immune to revision which means that Husserl is not an epistemological phenomenologist. What if people consider a single community of subjects within their common lifeworld or even the homeworld? This can be looked upon by first approximating the systems of senses and meanings which make up their common form of life as long as they conceive the world and themselves using parameters provided by this form of life. Considering subjects that belong to different communities, their lifeworld can be looked upon as an overall framework of senses and meanings that give room for collective translations of their respective home worlds. One of the intuitive achievements based on this explanation of the lifeworld and the practice of act ascription is a person self image which becomes a fully fledged person who exists as an element that has physical and psychological spatio temporal order. This self image is usually referred to as iterated empathy where one puts themselves into the shoes of another subject in a conscious manner that simulates them especially when the other person puts themselves into your shoes in return (Lauer, 1996). This way, one can make configurations wherereby for the other subject to manage to ascribe intentional acts upon you, he has to bodily identify with you as a full human being with flesh and blood and with the egocentric perspective having differences with their own This creates a conclusion that ones egocentric perspective is just one of the many perspectives that are used in the theory of intersubjectivity and from all the other strange perspectives, one appears as a physical subject in the midst of others in that world dictated by space and time. This means that the criterion of subject vs. identity applies to oneself and others too meaning that there is one living human body with one experiencing subject. However, Husserl does not want to deny that people ascribe to experiences especially the intentional experience like the animals. This is where the biggest problem and difficulty lies because there is a big bodily behavioral and bodily difference between human beings and animals. According to Husserl empathy also provides a background upon which practical, aesthetical and moral evaluations analysis of intercultural understanding can be given a critique which means that the foreign world can be constituted against a background of ones world or home world. Husserl’s asserts that even the objective world that is governed by space and time, and which is a significant part of people’s daily lifeworld is also constituted intersubjectively the same is true for the spatio- temporal set up that is made up of objective time and space. This brings in a question of how an abstraction of the spatio temporal object which is different from the same notion because it does not make a presupposition of any other subject can manage to observe another object from its won perspective. Husserl answers this question by arguing that for someone to put him or herself into the shoes of another subject and manage trio simulate their perspective upon the adjacent world dictated by time and space, one does not have to assume that that world is similar to their own though the conditions under which the subjects symbolizes the world should be different because they are based on an ego centric viewpoint. This means that all the spatio temporal objects that form ones worlds exist separately from ones subjective perspective and the specific experiences that one performs which must be part and parcel of an objective reality. It also means that perceptual subjects are transcendent because in any particular moment, they portray a very large number of features that are could not be perceived or expected earlier and some manifest themselves after further observation. However, this does not mean that the objective world found in the intersubjective experience is completely separate from the aspects under which the world is represented. According to Husserl another condition that makes intersubjective experience possible is the assumption that the other subjects mould the world into objects just as oneself does. This means that Husserl sticks to both Realist and idealist versions. Levinas critique For Husserl, the major philosophical question is the understanding of the link between contingent particular experience on one side and objective knowledge that is scientific on the other side meaning that one person’s intentional consciousness and the other person’s intentional consciousness are usually directed towards the same object (Cains, 1999). This means that the person that emerges fro Husserl analysis is just an alter ego meaning that the ego is me while the alter ego is the other. This is a postulation that was rejected by Emanuel Levinas because the question of intentionality is basically ethical instead of being epistemological and he claims that intentionality is just a form of representation. Levinas critiqued Husserl’s assertion because according to him, the latter has defied the Cartesian account of consciousness as a holder of ideas. He claims that the intentional object is not the existing object because of the bracketing of the existence of the intentional object. He claims that if experience is accounted for in terms of representation that is comprehended from this perspective, then the object of experience depends on consciousness and its from this point of view that it can be meaningful. Intentionality is therefore understood basically from an optical point of view where sight and light are involved. However according to Levinas, it is not what is seen that that speaks. For example, one can see a face but seeing it does not make if different from any other object. The face of another person is however always viewed in relation to my own and that is where Levinas make a distinction between the autre and the autrui and the two words are borrowed from French. The two words mean other but in different context. This reduces the world of phenomenological consciousness which should be widened though analogies projected by the other however, the other breaks in on such a world creating disruptions. Levinas therefore disagrees with Husserl by claiming that the other is not placed on a horizontal axis as Husserl had claimed, it is actually placed on a vertical axis according to Levinas. The other therefore addresses me and that address may not be verbal but that face will definitely speak to me about things which may not be there in the face that is on itself understood as an object of ones intentional consciousness List of references Cains, D, 1999, Formal and Transcendental Logic, The Hague: Nijhoff Carr, D ,1999, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press Carl, D, 1980, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy – Third Book: Phenomenology and the Foundations. Evanston:

Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Sacrificing for the Greater Good

Embryos are essentially microscopic human beings. Regardless of what good they may provide to the field of medicine, the ethical controversies surrounding embryonic stem cell research are profound. Stem cells, the cells used by the human body to replenish damaged tissue, are found in both embryonic and adult form. At the adult level, stem cells can be extracted from bone marrow, but the real ethical debate arises when embryonic stem cells are introduced. â€Å"Pluripotent† embryonic stem cells are among the only type that can form any of over 200 cell types, making it the most useful and versatile.These cells are isolated from the inner cell mass of the embryo when extracted, and subsequently terminates the embryo itself, which is technically manslaughter. However, it must also be noted that embryonic stem cell research can provide effective treatments and even cures for those in need of organ transplants and other irremediable predicaments. Therefore, it is safe to say, from a utilitarian perspective, that the essential â€Å"death† of one embryo can save the lives of many, and with Jeremy Bentham’s phrase â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number†; I believe that embryonic stem cell research is ethical.The real controversy in stem cell research lays in the termination (abortion) of the embryo, which is an entirely independent debate altogether. The embryonic stem cells extracted for research are being derived from embryos that are being aborted regardless (Johansen). Therefore, there is a macrocosmic debate more powerful than the one about stem cell research itself. By harvesting these stem cells from babies predestined to abortion, at least a contribution is being made to society – one that can benefit a multitude of people, perhaps suffering from a multitude of conditions.Even if one wants to debate the ethics of stem cell research, the researchers are being ethically unethical, with regard to the abortions guarantee d to take place. However, those who value human life from the point of conception, particularly those who are religious, oppose embryonic stem cell research, because the extraction of stem cells from this type of an embryo requires its destruction – essentially, a human life killed, which is deemed both morally and religiously indecent (Cowan). But this superficial ideology is flawed in its logical reasoning.If these â€Å"babies† are going to die, whether their stem cells are harvested or not, isn’t making a solid contribution to science and humanity ethical? If the embryo is destroyed, in an equally torturous manner, shouldn’t that sacred human life provide something for mankind as a whole? For example, medical researchers and physician-scientists were able to differentiate stem cells to become heart cells (Mount Sinai School of Medicine). The cells were then analyzed, for the treatment of cardiomyopathy, a condition with heart muscle cell abnormalities .The benefits of this harvesting are unfathomable; scientists will now be able to analyze the root of the disease, its development, and ways to inhibit the disease’s growth and progression. It is then rather evident, that the life of the embryo originally used in the harvesting of the embryonic stem cells for this discovery, is only more sacred, and contributed more to society and humanity, than most human lives do in a lifetime. The Jewish population seems to have a more insightful, yet still opposing take on the issue.Many Rabbis do find it unethical, for the mere reason that it â€Å"cheapens the value of human life† (Eisenberg). This is, however, contradictory of Torah text, which states that the responsible use of technology for the sole purpose of improving human life is not only permitted, but encouraged. It is claimed by the experts in the field that the research on stem cells has great potential to relieve human disease and suffering. If this is the case, then it is not only allowed but it is obligatory to pursue this research.Embryonic stem cells are a source of hope, for patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and hundreds of genetic disorders. With research, medical scientists will be able to make discoveries and understand the origin of diseases, based on the origin of true human life – embryonic stem cells. This opens the door for unbelievable breakthroughs in medical science – even a potential cure for cancer.Stem cell therapy can provide promising treatment for over 100 million patients currently suffering from a disease under research. Some researchers consider this to be â€Å"the greatest potential for the alleviation of human suffering since the advent of antibiotics† (White). The Republican Party in the United States – the â€Å"party of God†, had significant doubt in the ethical veracity of embryonic stem cell research and therefore President George W. Bush vetoed the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 and 2007.However, after taking office, President Obama lifted the ban on March 9, 2009, saying: â€Å"Medical miracles do not happen simply by accident. They result from painstaking and costly research, from years of lonely trial and error, much of which never bears fruit, and from a government willing to support that work. † If the President of the United States of America can see the ethical and moral justness in this all†¦ the greater good, the pros outweighing the cons, the glass half-full, along with most of the American people, is this really an ethical debate?After all, ethics, by definition, is â€Å"a system of moral principles. † Works Cited Cowan, C. A. â€Å"Derivation of Human Stem-Cell Lines from Human Blastocysts. † New England Journal of Medicine (2004): 1355. Eisenberg, Daniel. â€Å"Is the destruction of preexisting pr e-embryos permitted for stem cell research? † 10 November 2001. Aish. com. 22 February 2011 . Johansen, Jay. â€Å"What's wrong with Embryonic Stem Cell Research? † 26 July 2001. Pregnant Pause. 22 February 2011 . Medicine, Mount Sinai School of. â€Å"Stem Cells For First Time Used to Create Abnormal Heart Cells For Study of Cardiomyopathy. † 9 June 2010. HealthNewsDigest. com. 22 February 2011 . White, Deborah. â€Å"Pros ; Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. † n. d. About. com. 22 February 2011 .